辽宁石油化工大学《C语言程序设计》第一章 C语言程序设计概述

1CSummarythatClanguagedesignsprogramSummaryofthechapter1CCCC1.1CDevelopmentandcharacteristicofClanguage1.1.1CDevelopmentofClanguageCBCPL(BasicCombinedProgrammingLanguage)1970AT&TKenThompsonBCPLB1972BCDECPDP-11CUNIX1973K.THEMPSOND.M.RITCHIECUNIX,UNIXUNIXCCC(ANSI)1983CANSIC1987TurboCBorland1987TurboC1.0·2·11988BorlandTurboC1.51989TurboC2.0TurboC2.0Tiny.COM1991MicrosoftWindows3.0BorlandTurboC++TurboCBorlandC++1.1.2CCharacteristicofClanguageCDBASEPLUSDBASECCCPC-DOSWORDSTARC1CClanguageistheintermediatelanguageC2CClanguageisastructuralformulalanguageC3CClanguageismultiplefunctionalCC4CScopeofapplicationofClanguageiswideCDOSUNIX1.2CProcedurestructureofClanguageCC1.2.1Basicthoughtthatstructurizationdesignsprogram1·3·1231Threekindsofbasicstructure2Characteristicthatstructurizationdesignsprogram(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)3Top-downdesignmethod4Styleofdesigningprogram(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)viab·4·11.2.2CBasicstructureofCprocedureCCCCCCC1CSimpleClanguageproceduregivesanexample1.1main()/**/{printf(ThisisaCprogram.\n);/**/}ThisisaCprogram.main()C{}printf()/**/1.2#includestdio.h/*stdio.h*/main(){inta,b,s;/*abs*/a=2;b=3;/*ab*/s=a+b;/*a+bs*/printf(a=%d,b=%d,s=%d\n,a,b,s);/*abs*/}a=2,b=3,s=5aba=%d,b=%d,s=%d\n1.3#includestdio.hmain(){inta,b,ma;/*ab*/scanf(%d,%d,&a,&b);/*ab*/ma=max(a,b);/*maxabxyma*/printf(max=%d\n,ma);/*ma*/1·5·}intmax(intx,inty)/**//*maxintxyint*/{intm;/*maxm*/if(xy)m=x;/*xyxm*/elsem=y;/*xyym*/returnm;/*mmax*/}8585abmax=8main()max()maxxymreturnmmainmaxmain2CBasiccompositionofCprocedure1CCmain()Cscanf()printf()1.3max()21.3maxintmax(intx,inty)main(){}{}1.2maininta,b,s;3C4Cmain()main()5C6CC7/**//*C·6·11.2.3CStepofoperatingthecomputeroperatedinCprocedureC1.1CC1.1CTurboC2.0TurboC2.0C\TC1TurboC2.0StartTurboC2.0C:\TCTurboCtcC:\TCtcTurboC2.01.2TurboC2.0TurboC2.01.2TurboC2.0F10Alt1·7·Edit1.3NewCLoadCLoad1.41.4lx1.CEdit2Edit,savethesourcedocumentEditFileSaveF2NONAME.C3Compile,linkthesourceprogramCompileCompiletoOBJ.objCompileLinkEXEfile.exe1.51.51.3File·8·14ExecutiveprogramRunRunCtrlF91.6TC1.31.65LookovertheoperationresultRunUserscreenAltF5C6TurboC2.0QuitfromTurboC2.0systemsCFileQuitAltXTurboC2.01.3TurboCIntegratedenvironmentofTurboCTurboCCCTurboC1.3.1TurboC2.0DisposetherequestofTurboC2.0TurboC2.0IBM-PCXTATIBMDOS2.0448KRAM801·9·1.3.2TurboC2.0InstallandstartofTurboC2.0TurboC2.01#ADOSAAInstall1TurboC2.02TurboC1.53TurboC2.0CTCTCLibIncludeLibInclude:\TurboC2.0TCTCTurboC2.01.3.3TurboC2.0EnvironmentalapplicationofTurboC2.01TurboC2.0IntegrateddevelopmentenvironmentofTurboC2.0TurboC2.01.71.7TurboC2.0·10·1TurboC2.0TurboC2.0TurboC2.0FileEditRunCompileProjectOptionsDebugBreak/watchEditAlt2FileFilemenuAlt+FFile1.81.8FileFile91LoadDOS(*.C)F3F3File2Pick8Alt-F33NewNONAME.C4SaveNONAME.CF25Writeto6Directory7Changedir8OsshellTurboC2.0DOSDOSTurboC2.0DOSEXIT9QuitTurboC2.0DOSAlt+X1·11·ExplanationEscTurboC2.03EditEditmenuAlt+EF11FunctionkeyrelatedtoeditorF1TurboC2.0F5F6F102TheeditorordersPageUpPageDnHomeEndCtrl+YCtrl+TCtrl+KBCtrl+KKCtrl+KVCtrl+KCCtrl+KYCtrl+KRCtrl+KWCtrl+KPCtrl+F1TurboC2.0Ctrl+Q[TurboC2.0Ctrl+Q]TurboC2.0Explanation1TurboC2.0{}()/**/'[]·12·12TurboC2.0Ctrl+OL4RunRunmenuAlt+RRun1.91.9Run1RunProject/Projectname()Ctrl+F92ProgramresetCtrl+F23GotocursorF44TraceintoTraceintoF71.10Compil1·13·5StepoverF86UserscreenAlt+F55CompileCompilemenuAlt+CCompile1.101CompiletoOBJC.OBJAlt+F92MakeEXEfile.EXE.EXE.EXEProject/ProjectnamePrimaryCfile3LinkEXEfile.OBJ.EXE4Buildall.EXE()5PrimaryCfileCC6Getinfo1.10.11.10.1Getinfo6ProjectProjectmenuAlt+PProject1.111Projectname.PRJfile1.cfile2.cfile3.c3file.exefile.prj·14·11.11Projectfile1.cfile2.cfile3.cfile.prjProjectnamefile.exe.OBJ.OBJfile1.objfile2.cfile3.cfile1.cExplanation.LIB2BreakmakeonWarningErrorsFatalErrorsLinkMake3Autodependencieson.OBJ4ClearprojectProject/Projectname5Removemessages7OptionsOptionsmenuAlt+OOptions1.121·15·1.12Options1Compiler1.12.11.12.1CompilerModelTinysmallmediumcompactlargehugeDefineCodegenerationzCallingconventionCPascalzInstructionset8088/808680186/80286zFloatingpointzDefaultchartypecharzAlignonentzMergeduplicatestringszStandardstackframezTeststackoverflow·16·1zLinenumber.OBJzOBJdebuginformation.OBJOptimizationzOptimizeforzUseregistervariablezRegisteroptimizationzJumpoptimizationSourcezIndentifierlength32zNestedcommentszANSIkeywordsonlyANSITurboC2.0ErrorzErrorstopafter25zWarningstopafter100zDisplaywarningzPortabilitywarningzANSIViolationsANSIzCommonerrorzLesscommonerrorNames(segment)(group)(class),CODEDATABSS2Linker1.12.21.12.2LinkerMapfile.MAPInitializesegmentsDevaultlibrariesGraphicslibrarygraphics1·17·WarnduplicatesymbolsStackwarinigNostackCase-sensitivelink3Environment1.12.31.12.3EnvironmentMessagetrackingzCurrentfilezAllfileszOffKeepmessageMessageConfigautosaveonRunShell,TurboC2.0offEditautosaveRunShellBackupfile(.BAK)Tabsize8ZoomedwindowsF5Screensize4Directories1.12.4IncludedirectoriesLibrarydirectoriesOutputdirectoried(.OBJ.EXE.MAP)TurboCdirectoriedTurboCPickfilenamepickcurrentpickfile5Arguments6Saveop