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1中考动词辅导策略与习题专练在英语中动词的使用形式变化多样,这与汉语截然不同,故其用法成为学生学习中的一大难点。英语中动词分四类,即:实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词。如何进行中考辅导?一、实义动词﹙一﹚理解基本用法,运用基本原理指导学习实践,做到有理可依、有据可循,实义动词在句中运用时,分谓语形式和非谓语形式。1.谓语形式:当某个实义动词或词组充当句子的谓语时,它的形式随语态、时态以及主语人称和数的变化而变化。细而言之:2.非谓语形式:⑴.不定式①意义:动词的非谓语形式,常发生在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之后,作主语、宾语﹙动词宾语﹚、宾语补足语、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚、状语。②.构成:不定式=to﹢动词原形③.否定结构=nottodosth④.复合结构=forsb.﹙not﹚todosth⑤.与疑问词连用:如whattodo⑥.在下列动词后的不定式省略“to”:三看﹙lookseewatch﹚两听﹙listenhear﹚一感觉﹙feel﹚,注意﹙notice﹚使﹙make﹚让﹙lethave﹚帮﹙help﹚→可不省。⑦.形式主语:当不定式、否定结构、复合结构、与疑问词连用等形式作句子主语时,用it来代替它,而将真正的主语置于谓语之后,“it”叫形式主语。⑵.动名词①.意义:动词的非谓语形式,常常发生或预定在谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间之前,表示事实、爱好、功能、习惯等,起名词作用。作主语、宾语﹙包括介词宾语和动词宾语﹚、表语、定语﹙常表示功能﹚等。②.构成:动名词=V+ing③.否定结构=notdoingsth④.复合结构=one’﹙not﹚doingsth时态\语态主动语态被动语态备注一般现在时原形或三单is/am/are﹢过去分词划线:助动词一般过去时过去式was/were﹢过去分词同上现在进行时is/am/are﹢现在分词is/am/are﹢being﹢过去分词同上过去进行时was/were﹢现在分词was/were﹢being﹢过去分词同上一般将来时will/shall﹢动原will/shall﹢be﹢过去分词同上begoingto﹢动原begoingto﹢be﹢过去分词Be:is/am/are过去将来时would/shoud﹢动原would/shoud﹢be﹢过去分词划线:助动词begoingto﹢动原begoingto﹢be﹢过去分词Be:was/were现在完成时have/has﹢过去分词have/has﹢been﹢过去分词划线:助动词过去完成时had﹢过去分词had﹢been﹢过去分词同上含情态动词情态动词﹢动原情态动词﹢be﹢过去分词2⑶.现在分词①.意义:动词的非谓语形式,常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间正在发生的动作,表示主动。②.用法:常作定语﹙单个词前置,短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。⑷.过去分词①.意义:动词的非谓语形式,常指相对谓语或前位非谓语的即时时间已发生的动作。表示被动。②.用法:常作定语﹙单个词前置,短语后置﹚、宾语补足语和状语﹙如时间状语、方式状语、伴随状语等﹚。3.举例说明:⑴.Iwant①togiveup②studying③atschooltolookafter④mysickmotherathome.点拨:①作谓语→主动语态→一般现在时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→动名词。④非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。⑵.Theteachertold①usnottoforget②toturnoff③thelightswhenweleft④theroom点拨:①作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。②非谓语→发生在谓语之后→不定式。③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之后→不定式。④作谓语→主动语态→一般过去时。﹙3﹚Look,Thereis①aboytakingdown②apictureputup③onthewall.点拨:①作谓语→一般现在时。②非谓语→相对谓语即时时间正在发生,主动→现在分词.③非谓语→发生在前位非谓语之前→表示被动→过去分词.﹙二﹚.既要求同亦要寻异凡事都具有共性,又具有个性。不能千篇一律地用某个规则或原理去解决所有问题。因此,在把握实义动词基本用法的大前提下,教师还要引导、启发、教育学生善于观察、比较、体味个别动词的特殊用法,做到共性与个性的统一。关于动名词的使用应注意:1.介词﹢动名词如:YoucanwatchTVafterfishingyourhomework.2.动词﹙词组﹚﹢动名词这样的动词有:giveindoing屈服做某事bebusydoing忙于做某事stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事practicedoing练习做某事enjoydoing喜欢做某事finishdoing做完某事completedoing做完某事endupdoing做完某事minddoing介意做某事spend…﹙in﹚doing花费时间做某事can’tstanddoing容忍做某事keepondoing一直做某事beworthdoing值得做某事appreciatedoing感激做某事avoiddoing避免做某事beusedtodoing习惯做某事payattentiontodoing注意做某事getusedtodoing习惯做某事excusedoing推辞做某事giveupdoing放弃做某事carryondoing坚持做某事dosomereading读书makeacountributiontodoingdo/washing/swimming洗衣/游泳为做某事做贡献lookforwardtodoing盼望做某事preferdoingtodoing与做某事比,takeaswimmingcourse上游泳课更喜欢做某事insistondoing坚持做某事stickdoing坚持做某事taketheleadingposition站主导地位considerdoing考虑做某事imaginedoing想像做某事missdoing错过做某事putoffdoing推迟做某事riskdoing冒险做某事suggestdoing做某事建议3.下列动词既可接不定式又可接动名词,但意义不同:⑴.like/love/hate①doing:表示习惯例:Ilikegettingupearlyeverymorning.3②todo:表示具体活动例:Canyoucomeouttoplaywithme?⑵.Stop①doing:停止做某事﹙某事不做了﹚例:Pleasestopworkingifyouaretired.②todo:停下来去做某事﹙某事要做﹚例:Iamtiredtohavearest.⑶.goon①doing:继续做同一件事例:Goonstudyinghardifyouwanttogetbettergrades.②todo:继续做另一件事例:Afterleavingschool,hegoontogotocollege.⑷.remember①doing:记得做过的事例:Irememberseeingyousomewhere.②todo:记得要做的事例:Rrmembertoturnoffthelightwhenleavingtheroom.⑸.forget①doing:忘记做过的事例:Iforgetseeingyousomewhere②todo:忘记要做的事例:Don’tforgettoturnoffthelightwhenleavingtheroom⑥.need/want/require①doing:表示被动例Theblackboardneedscleaning﹦Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.②todo:表示主动例:Sheneedstohavearest.⑺.try①doing:试着做某事例:Letmetrydrivingforyou.②todo:尽力做某事例:Wemusttrytofinishitontime.⑻.continue①doing:继续做同一件事例:Continuestudyinghardifyouwanttogetbettergrades.②todo:继续做另一件事例:Afterleavingschool,he.continuetogotocollege.⑼.can’thelp①doing:情不自禁做某事例:whenheheardthenews,hecan’thelpjumping.②todo:不能帮助做某事例:Sorry,Ican’thelptodoitforyou.⑽.mean①.doing:意思做某事例:WhatIsaidmeansnottellinghimthenewsnow.②.todo:打算做某事例:Imeantostartofftomorrow.⑾.agree①.ondoing:对做某事表示同意例:Weagreeonholdingasportsmeetingsoon.②.todo:同意要做某事例:IagreetogototheparkonSunday.⑿.decide①.ondoing:对做某事做出决定例:Wehavedecidedonstoppinghimfromwokingon.②.todo:决定要做某事例:Idecidetogoabroadforstudy.⒀.encourage①.doing:鼓励做某事例:Thegovernmentencouragesplantingtreestoprotecttheenvironment②.sb.todo:鼓励某人做某事例:Theteacheroftenencouragesustostudyhard.⒁.allow①.doing:允许做某事例:Wedon’tallowsmokinghere②.sb.todo:允许某人做某事做例:Wedon’tallowyoutosmokehere⒂.advise①.doing:建议做某事例:Weadvisegoingskatingtomorrow.②.sb.todo:建议某人做某事例:Weadviseyoutogoskatingtomorrow.⒃.permit①.doing:允许做某事例:Thebossdidnotpermitworkingforshorter.4②.sb.todo:允许某人做某事例:Thebossdidnotpermitmetoworkforshorter.⒄.begin/start开始做某事①.doing:“doing”为动态动词或begin/start为其它时态例:Let’sbeginrunning.②.todo:“do”为静态动词或begin/start已为进行时例:Ibegantobelievewhathehadsaid.例:Itisbeginningtorain.⒅.plan①.ondoing对做某事做出计划例:Wehavedecidedonbuildingaschoolnextyear.②.todo计划做某事例::Wehavedecidedtobuildaschoolnextyear.﹙三﹚.再现要点,筛取重点,各个击破,做到目标明确,有的放矢。即:将初中三年以来所学过有关实义动词的要点归纳总结,以书面或幻灯形式出示给学生,自己提取难点,教师指导,逐一突破。Aaimat针对…agreewithsb.同意某人的意见或建议askfor请求、索要add…to…把…和…加起来askforaride搭车askforadayoff请一天假achieveavictory取得胜利acountfor公布、宣布…arrivein到达﹙大地方﹚arriveat到达﹙小地方﹚arguewith与…争吵apologizeto向…道歉Bbesupposedtodosth.应该做某事breakupwithsb.与某人断绝关系beusedfordoing被用来做某事beusedtodo被用来做某事breakout爆发believein信任begin/startwith以…开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