中国十大传统民居

四合院Siheyuan:TraditionalChinesecourtyardhouseSiheyuanisBeijing'straditionalcourtyard-styleresidence.Itiscalledsiheyuanbecausethehousesinitareconstructedinsuchawaythatthemainhouse,thewinghouseandthehousefacingthemainhouseareconnectedwithwallsandthewholecomplexcreatesanenclosedsquarecourtyard.Ithasbeenservedhundredyearssincethiskindofarchitecturalformfirsttookshape.窑洞Yaodong：CavedwellingsonLoessPlateauCavedwellingsarefoundalloverNorthernChinaincludingShanxi,Gansu,ShaanxiandHenanprovincesalongtheLoessPlateau.Havingselectedagoodplace,localpeoplewoulddigalargepitanddigcavesatthefoursides,atunnelleadingtothegroundatonesideandawellinthecenterofthepitandbuildlowwallsatthefoursides.Thecourtyardcavedwellingiswarminwinter,coolinsummeralongwithbeingbothrainandfireproof.Thepitsofdifferentfamiliessitclosetoeachother.土楼Tulou:AncientearthencastlesofChinaCenturiesago,wavesofHanemigrantsfledsouthtoavoidnaturaldisastersandsocialunrestinnorthernChina.TheysettledinthemountainsofFujianandpartsofJiangxiandGuangdongprovinces.TheycalledthemselvesKejia,”orguests,andbuiltfortress-liketulouforprotection.Withintheirsturdywalls,thepeoplebecameself-sufficientandsomewhatisolated.Ifenemiescome,thetulouwillbestrongfortressoncethegateislocked.Atuloucanaccommodateasmanyas200to800people.船型屋Boat-shapedhouse:ResidentialdwellingsoftheLipeopleinHainanprovinceBoat-shapedhomes,alsocalledboat-shapedthatchedcottagesarethetraditionalresidentialdwellingsoftheLipeopleinHainanprovince.Althoughthedecorationandmodificationofthehousesmaybedifferent,theirgeneralshapeisthatofaninvertedboat.Withfenceswovenwithcoconut,bambooandmangoleavesandroofsmadeofthatches,coconutandsunflowerleaves,thecrudematerialsneededfortheboat-shapedhouseswerereadilyavailable.Thehousesprovideshelterfromrainandwind,andprotectitsinhabitantsfromwildanimals.Thestructureandshapeofthehousescanwithstandthepowerfulsun,typhoonsandstorms.蒙古包MongolianYurt:PortablehouseofnomadsTheMongolianYurt,calledavaultedtentorfelttentinancienttimes,isadomedpealedtent.Theframeoftheyurtisasupportingring,formedbysomewoodenpoles.Theyurt'sframeiscoveredwiththickfeltfastenedfromoutsidewithropes.Everyyurthasanopeningonthetop,whichprovidesbothlightandventilation,andawoodendoorfacingsouthorsoutheast.TheconvenientdesignsuitsthemobilityoftheMongolianpeoplewholiveongrazing.AsmoreandmoreMongolianssettledown,yurtsaredecreasinginnumber.碉楼Diaolou:Castle-liketowerAwatchtower,orDiaoloubuiltbytheQiangpeopleinSichuanprovince.Between10and30metershigh,thewatchtowerswerenormallybuiltbesidelowerhouses.TheQiangancestorsbuiltthemtostoregrainandoffershelterduringwars.WhileinKaipingcityofGuangdongprovince,about1,800castle-liketowersdotthelandscape.SomeofthetowersdatetotheMingdynasty.Otherswereconstructedintheearly20thcenturyandbearobviousWesterninfluences.TheyreceivedaUNESCOWorldHeritageSitelistingin2007.吊脚楼Diaojiaolou:StiltedhousesentirelymadeofwoodsDiaojiaolou,orstiltedhouses,arespecialresidencesforTujia,Miao,BuyiandDongethnicgroupsinHunan,Guizhou,Guangxiandotherregions.Sittinghighaboveground,thedesignismeanttoavoidinsectsandanimals.土掌房Tuzhangfang:traditionalresidentialbuildingoftheYiethnicgroupTuzhangfang,orearthenhomesoftheYiethnicgroup,looklikeTibetanstone-housesbuttheirwallsaremadeofearthbeatenhardwhileunderconstruction.Itsflatroofisalsousedfordryingitems.MostofthesehousesarefoundincentralandsoutheastYunnan.Thehouseinthephotoconsistsofthreetofiverooms.Thecentralroomhasafire-pitandisthegatheringspotbothforfamilymembersandguests.竹楼Bamboobuilding:TropicalloftintherainforestsThebamboobuildingoftheDaiethnicgroupisthestiltstylebuildingthattakesbambooasthemainconstructionmaterial.ThebuildingsofthiskindaremainlydistributedinYunnanprovince.Thestiltstylebuildingisconduciveforavoidinginsects,snakesandbeasts;theyarealsodamp-proofandwellventilated.Besides,theemptyroombelowcanbeusedasastorehouseorforpoultryhomes.水乡Watertown:HouseofdreamsforallZhouzhuangnearSuzhouinJiangsuprovinceisoneofthefewplaceswhereonecanexperiencethelifeofatypicalChinesewatertown.Thetraditionalresidencesinthetown,mostlybuiltintheMingandQingdynasties(1644-1911),flankthewindingwaterways.Manyofthemarewell-keptandhavepreservedtheiroriginalappearances,withwhitewallsandblack-tiledroofs.