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第1页共8页在英语的句子中,谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来,高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法一致、逻辑意义一致以及就近(远)一致原则等三个方面。一、语法一致原则只要确定句子的主语是单数意义,则谓语用单数,句子的主语意义复数,则谓语用复数。具体表现如下:1.不可数名词作主语,一律视为单数。某些以s结尾的单数名词作主语,仍视为单数。Nonewsisgoodnews.Histaskwastocollectinformation.Howmuchmachineryhasbeeninstalled?2.表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Whenandwheretogofortheon-salaryholidayhasnotbeendecidedyet.3.“one,either,neither,eachof+复数名词或代词”作主语时,谓语用单数。Eitherofthestoriesisveryfunny.4.something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,noone等不定代词作主语,谓语通常是单数。Nothingisimpossible.5.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。Tenpoundswasmissingfromthebox.6.aseriesof,akindof,apieceof,apairof等量词修饰名词,通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。Thispairofglassesisveryexpensive.Twoseriesofnewstampshavebeenordered.7.anumberof+复数名词,“许多……”,复数意义;thenumberof+复数名词,“……的数目”,单数意义。thepopulationof…“……的人口数量”作主语时,谓语用单数,但如果是分数、百分数、halfof,therestofthepopulation作主语时,具体指其中的多少人,复数意义,谓语则用复数。theaverageof…“……的平均数量”,作主语时,谓语用单数。第2页共8页Thenumberofthestudentsinourschoolisquitelargeandanumberofteachersworkhard.ThepopulationofChinaislargeandmostofthepopulationarefarmers.8.主语后with,togetherwith,alongwith,except,besides,aswellas等短语时,谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介宾,不可能充当主语。)Mr.GreentogetherwithhischildrengoestotheparkeverySunday.9.“the+adj.”结构指一类人时,谓语动词用复数;如果指个别人或表示抽象的概念,谓语动词用单数。Thedisabledarewelltakencareofinthiscountry.Thedeadinthisaccidentwas20,agirlfromNanjingUniversity.Thenewiscertaintoreplacetheold.10.分数、百分数、all,some,therest,halfof,mostof,partof等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。Therestoftheworkersarestillverytired.11.当and连接两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时,应看作单数,谓语动词用单数。另外,当and连接两个形容词去修饰一个单数形式的主语时,其实是指两种不同的事物,主语则应该看作是复数,那么谓语动词也应该用复数。Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.ChineseandJapanesesilkareofgoodquality.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:ironandsteel钢铁lawandorder治安breadandbutter黄油面包awatchandchain一块带链的表aknifeandfork一副刀叉acoatandtie一件配有领带的上衣aimandend目的truthandhonesty真诚12.what引导的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要取决于作表语的名词的单复数。Whatsurprisedmemostwashisattitudetowardshisstudy.13.such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。SuchisStephenHawking,whohassufferedagreatdealbutachievedsomuch.14.quantitiesof+名词作主语时,不论名词是复数还是不可数,谓语一律用复数。aquantityof+名词复数作主语时,谓语用复数。第3页共8页aquantityof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。amountsof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语用复数。anamountof+不可数名词作主语时,谓语用单数。Everydayquantitiesofwaterarewasted.Alargeamountofdamagehasbeendonebecauseofthefloods.二、逻辑意义一致原则1.every/each/no+名词+andevery/each/no+名词作主语时,谓语用单数。Everyboyandeverygirlishavingsportsnow.2.“one+单数名词+andahalf”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Oneappleandahalfwasonthetable.3.“morethanone+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudenthasfailedtheexam.4.“manya+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Manyachildwasplayingthere.【注意】以上四种情况,如果从意义上来讲,主语有复数意义,但由于名词都是以单数形式出现的,故谓语用单数形式,谓语形式上与主语的单数形式一致。三、就近(远)一致原则1.谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or,not…but…;either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…等。EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.Neithertheunkindwordsnortheunfriendlyattitudehascausedmeanydistress.2.在倒装句中谓语可与后面最近的一个主语一致。Inthedistancewasheardtheclappingofhandsandtheshoutsofthepeople.3.当therebe句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。Thereisapen,aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.Therearetwentyboy-studentsandtwenty-threegirl-studentsintheclass.4.当一个句子是由there或here引起,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常和最靠近它的主语一致。Hereisapen,afewenvelopesandsomepaperinthedrawer.5.在定语从句中,关系代词如果在从句中作主语,依先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数形式;第4页共8页在“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的从句结构中,从句中的动词用复数形式;但是之前有the(only)等修饰语时,则从句中的动词用单数形式。MaryistheonlyoneofthestudentsinourschoolwhohaseverbeentoChina.6.主语后面跟有“with,togetherwith,except,but,like,aswellas,nolessthan,ratherthan,morethan,besides,alongwith,including,inadditionto”等引起的短语,谓语动词要跟主语一致,即就远一致。Mr.Green,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,hascometoChina.Awomanwithababywasonthebus.NobodybutJimandMikewasontheplayground.ShelikeyouandTom,isverytall.ThegirlsaswellastheboyhavelearnedtospeakJapanese.Nooneexceptmyteachersknowsanythingaboutit.◆动词不定式、动名词以及名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致MostofwhathasbeensaidabouttheSmiths_______alsotrueoftheJohnsons.A.areB.isC.beingD.tobe【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是主语从句通常看作不可数,“mostof”修饰主语从句依然是不可数,谓语动词应该用单数形式。◆one,either,neither,each等+of+复数名词或代词作主语时的主谓一致—Eachofthestudents,workinghardathisorherlessons,______togotouniversity.—SodoI.A.hopeB.hopesC.hopingD.hoped【解析】答案为B。本题的主语是“each”,“ofthestudents”作后置定语,修饰“each”。◆由and连接并列主语时的主谓一致①—Didyougototheshowlastnight?—Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea________invited.第5页共8页A.were【解析】答案为D。主语是“everyboyandgirl”表示单数概念,故谓语动词用单数,且询问昨晚的情况,有明确的过去时间,所以应选择“was”。②Apoetandartist________comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.A.isB.areC.wasD.were【解析】答案为A。此题中“and”连接的第二个名词“artist”前没有加冠词,说明指的是同一个人,应为单数。◆定语从句中的主谓一致Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____awinnerofscholarshipforthreeyears.A.isB.areC.havebeenD.hasbeen【解析】答案为D。“theonlyoneof+复数名词+定语从句”中的先行词是“theonlyone”,定语从句中谓语动词用单数形式,又结合时间状语“forthreeyears“可知应使用现在完成时。◆quantitiesof+名词作主语时的主谓一致Withmoreforestsbeingdestroyed,hugequantitiesofgoodearth______eachyear.A.iswashingawayB.isbeingwashedawayC.arewashingawayD.arebeingwashedaway【解析】答案为D。一般讲“quantitiesof“不论修饰可数名词还是不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。◆thenumberof与anumberof的区别①Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads_
本文标题:7环境污染与癌症汇总
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