中考复习-宾语从句

宾语从句定义：在句中充当宾语成分的从句叫做宾语从句。什么宾语？联想汉语中动词后面接宾语，表示动作的对象。如吃饭、喝粥，均是动宾短语。其次出现宾语的地方有介宾短语和偏正短语(形adj.+名n.)。回到英语中，宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句要把住四关：语序、时态、语气和连接词。1.语序：宾语从句均用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其它成分。强调一下，它的主语和谓语是陈述句的语序，不是疑问句的倒装语序。Iwonderwhenhewillcome.特殊情况：当连接词在从句中担当主语时，保持原有语序不变。Iwonderwhatisthematterwithhim.连接词what/who在从句中担当主语成分，whatiswrongwithit.从句保持原有的特殊疑问句语序不变whoisyourteacher.从句中的主语2.时态：1）当主句为一般现在时或一般将来式时，宾语从句中主句和从句各用所需时态，互不影响。Iwonderwhenhecame.一般现在时过去时Iwonderwherehehasgone.一般现在完成时Iknowwhatheisgoingtotalkabout.一般将来时2）如果主句为一般过去时，从句应用相应的过去时态。A.主句与从句的动作同时发生，从句用过去进行时或一般过去时。e.g.ShesaidthatshewasworkingontheInternet.B.从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，从句用过去完成时。e.g.Hedidn’tknowwhattheyhadcomeherefor.C.从句的动作发生在主句的动作之后，从句用过去将来时。e.g.Jimtoldmehewouldspendhisholidaysinthesouth.注意下列特殊情况：1）宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。2）宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。如：Ourteachertoldusthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.3.语气。（高中知识点）表建议、命令、请求、要求、指示、吩咐的动词后引导的宾语从句，用虚拟语气：should(not)+V.原形，其中should可以省略不写（隐身）。suggest,advise,propose,recommend,order,sb.（should）dosth.command,request,require,demand,ask(要求),+thatsb.（should）notdosth.insist（坚持要求），urge（强烈要求，极力主张）sth.（should）bedonesth.（should）notbedoneIsuggestthathe(should)besentthere.4.连接词：连词连接代词pron.连接副词adv.宾语从句that,whether，ifwho/whom/whose/whoever/whomever/whosever/what/which/whatever/whicheverwhen/where/why/how/howmuch/howlong/howoften…5.连接词的区别⑴whether与if宾从中用whether不用if的五种情形，①与＂ornot＂紧紧连用时，whether…ornot不论、是否，固定短语，Iamnotsurewhetherit’srightornot.②与不定式紧紧连用时。Wedon’tknowwhethertogo.③介词后的宾语从句：Wearetalkingaboutwhethertogothere.④宾语从句前置时，Whetherhewillcome,wearenotsure.⑤动词discuss后的宾语从句We’rediscussingwhethershe’sright(ornot).补充：主、表、同位语从句中，用whether不用if。宾语从句是否定句时，用＂if＂不用＂whether＂。Idon’tcareifitdoesn’train.否定句动词doubt后，＂whether＂,＂if＂两者皆可。Idoubtwhether/ifhewillcome.⑵that与whatthatwhat宾语从句连词，不担任成分，无词义，一般可省略连接代词pron.，做宾语，有词义e.g.Sheadvisesthateverybody（should）bethere.连词，无词义Ican’tunderstandwhathesaid.连接代词，有词义，表示说话的内容宾语从句that常可省略，但在以下情况下不能省略A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。eg．Ibelieve（that）youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillgetbetter．B．当it作形式宾语时eg．Shemadeitclearthatshehadnothingtodowithhim．她已澄清和他毫无瓜葛。C．当宾语从句前置时eg．Thatourteamwillwin，Ibelieve．（口语中）拓展：宾语从句后置如果宾语从句后有宾语补语，用it作形式宾语，把宾语从句后置eg．Youmaythinkitstrangethathewouldlivethere．形式宾语宾语补足语宾语从句三大分类1.Iwonderwhenhewillcome.动宾从句2.Hewasangryatwhatshesaid.介宾从句I’msurprisedatwhatIhaveseen.同上3.有些形容词具有动词的含义，所以也可以带一个宾语从句；Iamnotsurewhetherit’srightornot.形容词+宾从句IamsorryIamlate.同上Iamgladthatyoucanjoinus.同上2015年中考英语单项选择题之十五：宾语从句考题1.（2015福州）—Excuseme,couldyoutellme_____?—There’sabankonthesecondfloor.Youcanmakeitthere.A.howIcangettothebankB.whenthebankwillbeopenC.whereIcanchangemoney2.（2015福建泉州惠安）—DoyouknowforJapan?—Yes,he'llleavenextMonday.A.whenwillBruceleaveB.whenBrucewillleaveC.howBrucewillleave3.(2015福州）----Excuseme,MissChen,couldyoutellme_______?----ItisshortfortheSilkRoadEconomicBeltand21stCenturyMaritimeRoad.A.whattheBeltandRoadmeantB.whatdoestheBeltandRoadmeanC.whattheBeltandRoadmeans4.(2015山东德州）---Iwonder_______.----Yes,ofcourse.A.wherewecanbuythepartsB.howoftenyouhearfromyoursisterC.ifImayhaveawordwithyouD.whyhearrivedlateyesterday5.（2015杭州）Franklintoldthemall______tobeinBritainagain.A.howhappywasheB.howhappyhewasC.howwashehappyD.howhehappywas6.(2015重庆B卷)----Yourbookisveryinteresting.Couldyoutellme_______？---InXinhuaBookstorenexttoourschool.A.wheredidyoubuyitB.whydidyoubuyitC.whereyouboughtitD.whyyouboughtit7.(2015重庆A卷)---I’dliketoknow______.----Maybeintheforest.A.whetherwewillgocampingB.wherewewillgocampingC.whetherwillwegocampingD.wherewillwegocamping8.（2015四川资阳）—Excuseme,madam.Couldyoupleasetellme_________thebusarrives?—Sure.At9:00.A.whereB.whenC.whyD.how9.(2015山东宾州)----I’mgoingtobuyacar.Anyadvice,Charlie?----Well,itdependson_______.Ifmoneyisn’taproblem,youcanbuyaBMW.A.whenwillyoubuyoneB.whatcolordoyoulikeC.howmuchyoucanaffordD.whereyouaredriving10.（2015内蒙呼和浩特）--Couldyoupleasetellme_____?---Abouttwentyminutesago.A.whendidyouseethiskidB.wheredidyouseethiskidC.whenyousawthiskidD.whereyousawthiskid11.（2015成都）---DoyouknowzongziintraditionalinChina,LiPing?---UsuallyduringtheDragonBoatFestival.A.whypeoplemakeB.whenpeopleeatC.wherepeoplebuy12.（2015广州）Couldyoutellme______amomentago?A.whatweretheytalkingaboutB.whataretheytalkingaboutC.whattheyweretalkingaboutD.whattheyaretalkingabout13（2015杭州）FranklintoldthemalltobeinBritainagain.A.howhappywasheB.howhappyhewas[来源:Zxxk.Com]C.howwashehappyD.howhehappywas14.(2015浙江温州）-----Ms,Perry,canyoutellme_______?-----Africa.A.whatthebabygiraffelikeseatingB.whythebabygiraffelooksunhappyC.whenthebabygiraffewasbornD.wherethebabygiraffecamefrom15.(2015南京）---IsawDavidintheteachers’officethismorning.Doyouknow_____hewasthere?---Hewenttheretohandinhishomework.A.howB.whetherC.whenD.why16.（2015山东德州）--CouldyoupleasetellmeyouwillgotoHongKongonbusiness?---Sure.Iprefertotakeaplane.A.whetherB.whyC.whenD.how17.（2015山东济宁）—DidyouhaveagoodtimeinJining?—Comeandhavealook.Myphotoswillshowyou________.A.howwasthetripB.whydidwegothe