专业 英语教案

一、教学目的及要求：使学生了解和掌握元素和化合物的部分词汇及其构成，理解课文内容和翻译。理解专业英语的学习方法、教学要求和成绩考查方法。二、教学内容提要：学习lessononeTextAElementandCompoundsAllmatteriscomposedofbasicsubstancescalledelement.Anelementcannotbebrokendownintosimplerunitsbychemicalreactions;itcontainsonlyonekindsofatom.Anatomisthesmallestcharacteristicunitofanelement.Acompoundisasubstancethatcanbespitintotwoormoreelement.Waterisacompoundbecauseitcanbespitintoitscomponents,hydrogenandoxygen.Theformulaofacompoundgivesinformationaboutthekindsandnumbersofatomsthatmakeupeachmoleculeofthatcompound.Aformulacontainsthesymbolsofthekindsofatomsineachmoleculeandsubscriptsthatindicatethenumberofeachkindsofatominthemolecule.Forexample,theformulaforwaterH2Oindicatethatawatermoleculecontainstwohydrogenatomsandoneoxygenatom;andamoleculeoftheglucose,C6H12O6,containssixcarbonatoms,twelvehydrogenatoms,andsixoxygenatoms.Whencarbonuniteswithoxygen,itformsacolorless,odorless,andtastelessgascalledcarbondioxide,whichisheavierthanairandwillextinguishflame.Carbondioxideislikenitrogeninmanyways,butifitismixedwithlimewater,itcausestheclearliquidtobecomemilky,whilenitrogendoesnot.Thisisthetestforcarbondioxide.Carbondioxideisasourceofplantfood.Plantshavethepowertotakethisgasfromtheair,combineitwithwater,andmakeitintotheirtissues;infactitisfromthissourcethatallorganiccarboncomes.Mineralcompoundsaremadeofelementssuchassulphur,phosphorus,iron,potassium,sodium,andcalcium.Calciumuniteswithsulphurandoxygentoformcalciumsulphate,andwithphosphorusandoxygentoformcalciumphosphate.学习lessononeTextBcarbohydratesCarbohydratesareusuallydefinedaspolyhydroxyaldehydesandketonesorsubstancesthathydrolyzetoyieldpolyhydroxyaldehydesandketones.Monosaccharidesareclassifiedaccordingto(1)thenumberofcarbonatomspresentinthemoleculeand(2)whethertheycontainanaldehydeorketogroup,thusamonosaccharidecontainingsixcarbonatomsiscalledhexose;amonosaccharidecontaininganaldehydegroupiscalledanaldose;andonecontainingaketoiscalledaketose.Themostimportantrepresentativesofmonosaccharidesareglucose,arabinose,glactose,mannose,ribose,andfructose.Glucoseisusuallyusedasacarbonsourceforfermentation.Becausetheglucoseinrefinedformsuchascrystallineformorassyrupformismoreexpensive,glucoseinfermentationmediumismostlyproducedbydirectenzymaticconversionofstarch.Theoligosaccharidescanbeclassifiedintodisaccharidesandtrisaccharides.Themostimportantrepresentativesofdisaccharidesaresucrose(frombeetorcane),lactose,maltoseandcellobiose.themostimportantrepresentativeoftrisaccharideisraffinosewhichoccursinsugarbeet.Sucroseisavailableforuseinfermentationprocesseitherincrystallineformorincrudeformasrawjuiceormolasses(aby-productofsugarmanufacture).Thesucrosecontainedinmolassesisobviouslycheaper,butthecompositionsofmolassesvariesgreatlywithsource(caneorbeet),qualityofthecropandthenatureofthesugarrefiningprocess.Themolassesshouldbepretreatedbeforebeingusedasarawmaterialforfermentationmedium.Lactoseispresentinwhey(aby-productofcheesemakingthatarisefollowingtheseparationofcurds,thesolidifiedcaseinandbutterfat)ataconcentrationof4%~5%andwholewheyordeproteinizedwheyisusedasacheapsourceofcarbohydrateinsomealcoholproductionprocess.Polysaccharidesareconstructedfrommonosaccharideunitandtheirderivatives,andhavetentoseveralthousandunits.D-glucoseisthemostcommonunit.Theyareinsolubleandnonreducing.Themostimportantrepresentativesarestarch,glycogens,andcellulose.Starchisthemostimportantcarbohydrateusedinfermentationprocess.Itisfromplantssuchascorn,rice,wheat,potatoesandcassava.Theextentofstarchhydrolysisrequiredvarieswithfermentationprocessanddependsonconsiderationsastowhetherornotthemicrobialstraintobeusedproducesamylaseandwhetherproductsynthesisissubjecttocataboliterepression.Forcitricacidproduction,becausetheA.nigerhastheabilitytosynthesizeglucoamylase(oramyloglucosidase:anenzymethatcatalyzestheremovalofoneglucosemoleculeatatimefromtheterminalendofdextrins,breaking1,4links),thestarchslurryisgelatinizedbycookingathightemperature,thenthegelatinizedstarchisliquefiedanddextrinizedbythermo-stableamylase,andthesaccharificationstepisnotnecessary.Thesolubledextrinhydrolysateisusedasrawmaterialforfermentationmedium.学习：ReadingMaterials:MediumDesign三、教学重点、难点及处理方法：学生开始接触专业英语，会感觉有太多的英语词汇不认识。通过教学可以提前使初步学生了解英语科技文章的特点。四、教学组织与设计1、教学过程的组织：对英文课文的词汇讲解以后，重点进行无机化合物的英文词汇构词方法的讲解，掌握化合物名称的英文表达方法，再进行课文的翻译讲解。2、讨论、练习、作业的布置与安排：对本课文不熟悉的英语单词抄写出在课文中的含义。翻译课文B和阅读材料。五、教学实施小结：一、教学目的及要求：使学生掌握醇类和风味化合物及其命名有关词汇及其构成，分析英语长句子的直译与意译方法，了解英语在表达同一事物时在同一文章中需要使用不同的词汇表达的习惯。二、教学内容：学习LessontwoTextANomenclatureofAlcoholsTheIUPACrulesfornamingalcoholsareasfollows.Thesearerulesforwhatarecalledsubstitutivenames(thenamessuchasmethylalcoholandethylalcoholarealsoapprovedbytheIUPAC).Selectthelongestcontinuouscarbonchaintowhichthehydroxylisdirectlyattached.Changethenameofthealkanecorrespondingtothischainbydroppingthefinal“e”andadding“ol”.Thisgivethebasenameofthealcohol.Numberthelongestcontinuouscarbonchainsoastogivethecarbonatombearingthehydroxylgroupthelowernumber.Indicatethepositionofthehydroxylgroupbyusingthisnumber;indicatethepositionofoth