专题六书面表达

《普通高中英语课程标准》对语言技能目标(八级)“写作”的要求如下：(1)能根据所读文章进行转述或写摘要；(2)能根据文字及图表提供的信息写短文或报告；(3)能写出语意连贯且结构完整的短文，叙述事情或表达观点和态度；(4)能在写作中做到文体规范、语句通顺。从要求来看，书面表达是综合性很强的题目，目的是考查学生的英语表达能力，看其是否能够运用所学的英语知识和掌握的技能进行思想交流。因此，考生应做到：(1)主题明确；(2)内容充实；(3)结构合理；(4)逻辑性强；(5)语言准确得体。2013—2015高考(新课标)全国卷书面表达出题形式、体裁和话题等一览表年份写作类型出题形式体裁话题词数要求2015Ⅰ提纲式文字信息类半开放文字提示书信美国的节日风俗和中学生生活100左右Ⅱ提纲式文字信息类半开放文字提示电子邮件去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节2014Ⅰ图表类半开放广告图表书信询问暑期去英国学习英语情况100左右Ⅱ提纲式文字信息类半开放文字提示记叙文想象“十年后的我”2013Ⅰ提纲式文字信息类半开放文字提示书信询问是否可以接机100左右Ⅱ请朋友网上代卖中国结通过对近三年高考新课标全国卷英语书面表达的分析发现，考查内容在从传统的单纯知识型向现代创新能力型转变，写作文体以应用文为主(多以书信和电子邮件的形式出现)，半开放类占主流。这充分体现了现代高考旨在考查考生能否在体验现代生活发展节奏、把握时代脉搏的同时，将所学知识与具体实践结合起来并灵活运用的能力。考查特点归纳如下：1．写作体裁与知识的实际运用密切结合近三年的新课标全国卷绝大部分为书信或电子邮件。这一应用文体，在日常生活中使用较多，考生十分熟悉。写作话题贴近实际生活，突出了对考生处理现实生活实际问题的能力的考查。如：2015年新课标全国卷Ⅰ——就美国的节日风俗和中学生生活约稿(贴近生活)。2．突出考查考生的想象力和创新能力近三年的书面表达的写作内容都是来自于生活的真实情景。需要考生根据自身的生活阅历展开合理想象，创设合情合理的语境。如：2015年新课标全国卷(Ⅱ)——以“去敬老院陪老人们过重阳节”为话题写作，与考生自身生活联系密切。3．半开放式已成主流近几年来，新课标全国卷书面表达全部为半开放式写作。这种考查形式使考生不完全受“提示形式”和“内容要点”的限制，可以适当发挥。但这同时也对考生的写作能力提出了更高的要求。4．从高考书面表达的发展趋势看，2016年的高考在体裁和题材上应该保持相对稳定，写作类型及提示形式也不会有太大的变化。从2015年新课标全国卷(Ⅰ)以及部分省份的考情来看，考查考生的创新意识、思维拓展能力和文化素养的试题比重会有所增加。一、13类常见失分点1．主谓不一致(1)Threeyearshavepassedbeforeweknewit.[误]Threeyearshaspassedbeforeweknewit.[正](2)EverymanandeverywomanlikesurfingtheInternethere.[误]EverymanandeverywomanlikessurfingtheInternethere.[正](3)Manyastudenthavechattedonline.[误]Manyastudenthaschattedonline.[正]2．时态不一致(1)Theytalkedandtalkedandsoonthebuscomes.[误]Theytalkedandtalkedandsoonthebuscame.[正](2)Hesaidthathewillcometoseemesoon.[误]Hesaidthathewouldcometoseemesoon.[正](3)Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldseetheactressyesterday.[误]Ifyouhadcomeearlier，youwouldhaveseentheactressyesterday.[正]3．词类误用(1)Sheseatedherselfinthesofaandwentsleep.[误]Sheseatedherselfinthesofaandwentasleep.[正](2)Afterthework，wewenthome，tiredlyandhungry.[误]Afterthework，wewenthome，tiredandhungry.[正](3)Herkindandgenerositymademefeelathome.[误]Herkindnessandgenerositymademefeelathome.[正]4．逻辑不一致(1)I’meagertoshowyouaroundsomeplacesofinterest，butsomeculturecenters.[误]I’meagertoshowyouaroundsomeplacesofinterest，orsomeculturecenters.[正](2)Hewenttoherandgaveherthepresenthehadbought，andsherefusedtotakeitandwentaway.[误]Hewenttoherandgaveherthepresenthehadbought，butsherefusedtotakeitandwentaway.[正](3)Nexttimeyoulookataperson，seeifhisorherfaceisredandpale.[误]Nexttimeyoulookataperson，seeifhisorherfaceisredorpale.[正]5．代词替代不一致(1)TherearesomanyflowersintheflowershopthatIdon’tknowwhattobuy.[误]TherearesomanyflowersintheflowershopthatIdon’tknowwhichtobuy.[正](2)Itisusthataretoblamefortheresultbecausewearetoocareless.[误]Itiswethataretoblamefortheresultbecausewearetoocareless.[正](3)ShetookmanyphotosduringherstayinBeijingandshowedittome.[误]ShetookmanyphotosduringherstayinBeijingandshowedthemtome.[正]6．介词多余(1)Workhard，andyouwillmakeitatsometime.[误]Workhard，andyouwillmakeitsometime.[正](2)Atthefirsttimeshecametoseeme，Iwasdoingsomereading.[误]Thefirsttimeshecametoseeme，Iwasdoingsomereading.[正](3)Consideringabouteverything，theplanisquitepractical.[误]Consideringeverything，theplanisquitepractical.[正]7．连词多余(1)Shesentmeanemail，askingwhetherhowIwasgettingalongwithmyclassmates.[误]Shesentmeanemail，askinghowIwasgettingalongwithmyclassmates.[正](2)Ifonemoreminute，andwecandoiteasily.[误]Onemoreminute，andwecandoiteasily.[正](3)Becauseyougaveustimelyhelp，sowefinisheditontime.[误]Becauseyougaveustimelyhelp，wefinisheditontime.[正]8．冠词多余(1)Asweknow，theSundayisthefirstdayofaweek.[误]Asweknow，Sundayisthefirstdayofaweek.[正](2)Ipreferthiskindofafruit.[误]Ipreferthiskindoffruit.[正](3)Ourteacherusuallytellsustobehavewellinthepublicplaces.[误]Ourteacherusuallytellsustobehavewellinpublicplaces.[正]9．句子成分短缺(1)Weallstronglyagainstthesuggestionputforwardatthemeeting.[误]Weareallstronglyagainstthesuggestionputforwardatthemeeting.[正](2)Whatknowntoallisthatcarshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport.[误]Whatisknowntoallisthatcarshavebecomeapopularmeansoftransport.[正](3)WhatpuzzlesyouactuallyapuzzleformanyparentsinChina.[误]WhatpuzzlesyouisactuallyapuzzleformanyparentsinChina.[正]10．及物与不及物动词误用(1)Allflightsthismorninghaveputoffbecauseofthethickfog.[误]Allflightsthismorninghavebeenputoffbecauseofthethickfog.[正](2)Theteachercaughtmecheatingintheexam，buthedidn’tpunishforit.[误]Theteachercaughtmecheatingintheexam，buthedidn’tpunishmeforit.[正](3)Itisknownthateverythingdependsthesunlightforgrowth.[误]Itisknownthateverythingdependsonthesunlightforgrowth.[正]11．非谓语动词误用(1)Headmittedtomakeamistake.[误]Headmittedmakingamistake.[正](2)Sheobjectstobetreatedlikeachild.[误]Sheobjectstobeingtreatedlikeachild.[正](3)IregretsayingthatIcan’thelpyouforIhavemanythingstodo.[误]IregrettosaythatIcan’thelpyouforIhavemanythingstodo.[正](4)Thedeskneedstorepair.[误]Thedeskneedsrepairing./Thedeskneedstoberepaired.[正](5)Myparentsexpectmetostudyscienceandbecomingascientist.[误]Myparentsexpectmetostudyscienceandbecomeascientist.[正](6)Theyweremadeworkhardalldaylong.[误]Theyweremadetoworkhardalldaylong.[正](7)Ifinditeasytobedone.[误]Ifinditeasytodo.[正](8)Comparingwithyou，Istillhavealongwaytogo.[误]Comparedwithyou，Istillhavea