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当前位置:首页 > 机械/制造/汽车 > 制造加工工艺 > CA6140普通车床的数控化改造设计
第1页CA6140普通车床的数控化改造设计摘要数控机床的优点:具有高度柔性,加工精度高,产品质量稳定、可靠,生产效率高,可加工形状复杂的零件,改善劳动条件,有利于生产管理和机械加工自动化的发展。普通机床的缺点:普通机床靠齿轮和普通丝杠螺母传动。由于各运动副间存在间隙,加上手工操作不准确,因此重复精度较低。普通机床测量时需停车后手工测量,测量误差较大,而且效率低下。适合批量较小,精度要求不高,零活类零件。它投资较数控低,但对工人的操作技能要求较高,因此工资水平高。在数控机床上加工零件,主要取决于加工程序,它与普通机床不同,不必制造、更换许多工具、夹具,不需要经常调整机床。因此,数控机床适用于零件频繁更换的场合。也就是适合单件、小批生产及新产品的开发,缩短了生产准备周期,节省了大量工艺设备的费用。目前机床数控化改造的市场在我国有很大发展空间,现在我国机床数控化率不到3%。用普通机床加工出来的产品普遍存在质量差、品种少、档次低、成本高、供货期长,从而在国际、国内市场上缺乏竞争力,直接影响一个企业的产品、市场、效益,影响企业的生存和发展,所以必须大力提高机床的数控化率。本文以车床的数控改造为例,介绍了机床数控改造的方法,包括其结构的改造设计,性能与精度的选择以及最后改造方案的确定。关键字:机床;数控化;改造;意义第2页AbstractNumerically-controlledmachinetool'sadvantage:highlyflexible,highmachiningaccuracy,theproductqualityisstable,reliable,highproductionefficiency,complexshapeofpartsprocessing,improveworkingconditions,behelpfulforproductionmanagementandmechanicalprocessingautomationdevelopment.Ordinarymachinefaults:ordinaryongearandordinarymachinescrewnuttransmission.Becauseeachmovementbetweenclearance,plusvicemanualinaccuraterepeatprecision,solow.Whenmeasuringtheconventionalmachinetoolstostop,andthemeasurementerrorofthemanualmeasuringafterbigger,andlowefficiency.Suitableformassislesser,precisiondemandisnothigh,ajobkindparts.Itislow,butinvestmenttoworkersnumericalcontroltheoperationskillistaller,accordinglywagelevelishigh.Onthemachineprocessingparts,mainlydependsontheprocessingprocedure,itisdifferent,notwithordinarymachinemanufacture,thereplacementofmanytools,fixtures,neednotchangeoftenmachinetools.Therefore,CNCmachineissuitableforpartsfrequentchangeoccasion.Alsoissuitableforsinglepieceandsmallbatchproductionanddevelopmentofnewproductsandshortentheproductionpreparationperiod,savealotofprocessequipmentcosts.Atpresentnumericalcontrolmachinetoolinourcountryaretransformationofthemarketdevelopmentspace,nowChina'sgreatnumericalcontrolmachinerateoflessthan3percent.Useordinarymachiningoutofpoorquality,productwidespreadfewvarieties,lowclass,thehighcost,delivery,therebyinlongtheinternationalanddomesticmarkets,lackofcompetitivenessofanenterprisedirectlyaffectproduct,market,benefitsandaffecttheenterprisesurvivalanddevelopment,sowemustmakegreateffortstoimprovetherateofncmachinetools.Basedonthenumericalcontrollathetransformationasexample,thepaperintroducesthemethodofmachinetoolCNCreconstruction,includingitsstructure,performanceandaccuracyretrofitdesignofthechoiceandfinalreformschemedetermination.Keywords:machine;numericalcontrol;modification;meaning第3页目录第1章数控化改造的好处.........................................................................................5第2章数控化改造方案.............................................................................................6第3章介绍CA6140普通车床.................................................................................73.1简单介绍………………………………………………………………………………………………………………....73.2加工范围及特点....................................................................................................................83.2.1加工范围……………………………………………………………………………83.2.2CA6140车床的加工特点………………………………………………………...93.3传动系统的介绍………………………………………………………………………...….93.3.1主运动传动系统…………………………………………………………………….93.3.2车螺纹进给传动系统……..………………………………………………………103.3.3纵向、横向进给系统……..………………………………………………………103.3.4刀架的快速移动…………………………………………………………………..10第4章设计进给系统................................................................................................114.1设计纵向进给系统………………………………………………………………………..114.1.1切削力的计算……………………………………………………………………114.1.2滚珠丝杆副的计算及选型…………………………………………………..…...114.1.3滚珠丝杠副的循环方式………………………………………………………….124.1.4滚珠丝杆的安装…………………………………………………………………124.1.5滚珠丝杠的承载能力的计算…………………………………………………….124.1.6减速齿轮的设计…………………………………………………………………144.1.7步进电动机的设计………………………………………………………………144.2横向进给系统的设计…………………………………………………………………….154.2.1切削力的计算……………………………………………………………………..164.2.2滚珠丝杠副的设计及选型………………………………………………………..164.2.3减速齿轮的设计…………………………………………………………………..184.2.4步进电动机的选择………………………………………………………………18第5章改造车床主轴及控制系统............................................................................205.1改进主轴电动机………………………………………………………………………….205.1.1主轴脉冲编码器的概述…………………………………………………………..20第4页5.1.2螺纹加工过程中编码器的作用………………………………………………….205.1.3编码器的选择……………………………………………………………………..215.1.4安装步骤…………………………………………………………………………..215.2改进刀架………………………………………………………………………………….215.2.1改造刀架的目的………………………………………………………………...215.2.2刀架的选择……………………………………………………………………….215.2.3刀架的工作原理…………………………………………………………………..215.2.4安装步骤…………………………………………………………………………..215.3改进机床导轨…………………………………………………………………………….225.4坐标系的建立X、Z轴的限位和参考返回电路……………………………………….225.4.1机床坐标系是机床固有的坐标系……………………………………………….225.4.2机床坐标系是机床固有的坐标系………………………………………………..235.5配置用键和变频器的安装……………………………………………………………….245.5.1配置用键…………………………………………………………………………..245.5.2变频器的安装……………………………………………………………………..245.6机床的安装、调试、精度检验…………………………………………………………..24第6章结论................................................................................................................26参考文献......................................................................................................................27致谢...................................................................................................
本文标题:CA6140普通车床的数控化改造设计
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