七年级下学期期末数学试题

八年级数学第1页共9页通州区2014~2015学年度（下）期末调研测模拟试卷七年级数学（总分100分答卷时间120分钟）一、选择题（本题共10小题；每题3分，共30分）下列各题都有代号为A、B、C、D的四个结论供选择，其中只有一个结论是正确的．请把正确选项的代号填入题号后的括号内．1．9的平方根是【】A．3B．-3C．3D．812．下列四种调查:①了解一批炮弹的命中精度；②调查全国中学生的上网情况；③审查某文章中的错别字；④考查某种农作物的长势.其中不适合做抽样调查的是【】A.①B.②C.③D.④3．实数π，15，0，－1中，无理数是【】A．πB．15C．0D．－14．在平面直角坐标系中，将点A向右平移2个单位长度后得到点A′（3，2），则点A的坐标是【】A.（3，4）B.（3，0）C.（1，2）D.（5，2）5．如图，AB∥CD∥EF，AC∥DF，若∠BAC＝120°，则∠CDF＝【】A．60°B．120°C．150°D．180°6．二元一次方程25xy在实数范围内的解【】A．只有1个B．只有2个C．只有3个D．有无数个7．不等式组221xx的最小整数解为【】A．-1B．0C．1D．28．若点P(a，a-2)在第四象限，则a的取值范围是【】A．－2a0B．0a2C．a2D．a0（第4题图）八年级数学第2页共9页9．下列算式正确的是【】A．2(3)3B．2(6)36C．164D．244()9910．定义：直线l1与l2相交于点O，对于平面内任意一点M，点M到直线l1、l2的距离分别为p、q，则称有序实数对（p，q）是点M的“距离坐标”，根据上述定义，“距离坐标”是（1，2）的点的个数是【】A．2B．3C．4D．5二、填空题（本题共8小题；每题2分，共16分）请把最后结果填在题中横线上．11.立方根等于它本身的数是．12.一组数据的最大值与最小值的差是23，若组距为3，则在画频数分布直方图时应分为组．13.已知23xy是方程5x－ky－7=0的一个解，则k=．14.若关于x的不等式(2－m)x8的解集为x82m，则m的取值范围是．15.如图，点B，C，E，F在一条直线上，AB∥DC，DE∥GF，∠B=∠F=72°，则∠D=度．16.如图，把一块含有45°的直角三角形的两个顶点放在直尺的对边上．如果∠1=20°，那么∠2的度数是．17.已知点M坐标为(2-a，3a+6)，且M点到两坐标轴的距离相等，则点的M坐标是________________________．18.如图，动点P从（0，3）出发，沿所示方向运动，每当碰到长方形的边时反弹，已知每次反弹前、后的路线与长方形的边之间的夹角相等，当点P第2014次碰到矩形的边时，点P的坐标为．ABCDEFG72°72°（第15题图）（第16题图）（第18题图）八年级数学第3页共9页BADC（第21题图）三、解答题（本题共10小题；共54分）19．（4分）计算：23(3)55820．（4分）解不等式组61343(6)9xx.21．（5分）已知：如图，四边形ABCD中，∠A=∠C，AB∥CD.求证：AD∥BC．八年级数学第4页共9页22．（5分）星期六上午，小明的妈妈在菜市场买回3斤萝卜、2斤排骨，准备做萝卜排骨汤，下面是一家人对话．妈妈：“今天买这两样菜共花了45元，上月买同重量的这两样菜只要36元”；爸爸：“报纸上说了，萝卜的单价上涨50%，排骨的单价上涨20%”；小明：“爸爸、妈妈，我想知道今天买的萝卜和排骨的单价分别是多少？”请你帮助小明解决他的问题．23．（5分）如图，AB∥EF∥CD，∠ABC=45°，∠CEF=155°，求∠BCE的度数．24．（5分）如图，在平面直角坐标系中，A（-4,2），B（2，4），C（-1，1）．若将三角形ABC平移至三角形A1B1C1的位置时A1的坐标为（-2，-3）．（1）写出平移后的点B1，C1的坐标；（2）在坐标系中画出平移后的三角形A1B1C1．B23-1-24321-4-3-11yO-3xAC-24-4（第23题图）（第23题图）ABCDEF八年级数学第5页共9页25．（6分）南通市教育局对教师试卷讲评课中学生参与的深度与广度进行评价，其评价项目为主动质疑、独立思考、专注听讲、讲解题目四项．评价组随机抽取了若干名初中学生的参与情况，绘制了如下两幅不完整的统计图，请根据图中所给信息解答下列问题：（1）在这次评价中，一共抽查了名学生；（2）请将条形图补充完整；（3）如果全市有8万名初中学生，那么在试卷评讲课中，“独立思考”的学生约有多少万人？26．（6分）七年级（2）班的同学分发练习本，若每人发10本，则多余20本，若每人发11本，则有一名同学发不到，还有一名同学发不足．求七（2）班的学生数和本练习本数最多是多少？（第25题图）250人数2001501005084168224主动质疑独立思考专注听讲讲解题目项目主动质疑独立思考讲解题目专注听讲40%八年级数学第6页共9页27.（5分）如图，已知∠1+∠2=180°，∠3=∠B，试判断∠AED与∠C的关系，并证明．28.（9分）为了抓住2014年南京青奥会商机，某商场决定购进甲，乙两种纪念品，若购进甲种纪念品1件，乙种纪念品2件，需要160元；购进甲种纪念品2件，乙种纪念品3件，需要280元．（1）购进甲乙两种纪念品每件各需要多少元？（2）该商场决定购进甲乙两种纪念品100件，并且考虑市场需求和资金周转，用于购买这些纪念品的资金不少于6000元，同时又不能超过6430元，则该商场共有几种进货方案？（3）若销售每件甲种纪念品可获利30元，每件乙种纪念品可获利12元，在第（2）问中的各种进货方案中，哪种方案获利最大？最大利润是多少元？AD23EF1CB（第27题图）八年级数学第7页共9页通州区2014~2015学年度（下）期末调研模拟测试卷七年级数学参考答案一、选择题1.C2.C3.A4.C5.A6.D7.B8.B9.A10.C二、填空题11.-1,0,1；12.8；13.1；14.m2；15.36°；16.25°17.（3，3）或（6，-6）；18.（5，0）三、解答题19.解：原式952·····························································································4分16·····································································································5分20.解：由①得274x·······························································································1分由②得3x·································································································2分∴不等式组的解集为2734x········································································4分21.证明：∵AB∥CD∴∠A+∠D=180°··························································································2分∵∠A=∠C∴∠C+∠D=180°························································································4分∴AD∥BC．·································································································5分22.解：设萝卜上月的单价为x元，排骨上月的单价为y元················································1分由题意，得32363(150%)2(120%)45xyxy················································3分解得215xy，······························································································4分所以，(150%)23，(120%)1518，答：今天买的萝卜和排骨单价分别为3元和18元.················································5分23.证明：∵AB∥CD，∠ABC=45°∴∠BCD=∠ABC=45°····················································································1分∵EF∥CD，∴∠CEF+∠ECD=180°···················································································3分∵∠CEF=155°∴∠ECD=25°·······························································································4分∴∠BCE=∠BCD-∠ECD=45°-25°=20°·······························································5分24.解：（1）B1（4，-1），C1（1，-4）·········································································2分八年级数学第8页共9页（2）图略···································································································5分25.解：（1）560······································································································2分（2）560-84-168-224=84，补图，······································································4分（3）16×560168=4.8··························································································5分∴“独立思考”的学生约有4.8万人···································································6分26.解：设七（2）班有学生x人，根据题意可得11(2)102011(1)xxx········································································2分解得3