专八培训资料之人文知识

成都锐砺教育专八培训资料成都锐砺教育专八培训资料1美国概况地理区域GeographicalRegionsStatesIncludedKeyPoints1.NewEngland新英格兰：美国东北的一个地区，由现在的缅因州、新罕布什尔州、佛蒙特州、马萨诸塞州和康涅狄格州和罗得岛州组成1)Maine2)NewHampshire3)Vermont4)Massachusetts5)RhodeIsland6)ConnecticutThebirthplaceofAmerica;ThechiefcenteroftheAmericanWarofIndependence;Manyfamousuniversitieslocatedhere,suchasYale,Harvard,andMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology;NewEnglanderswereoriginallycalledYankees(美国佬).2.TheMiddleAtlanticStates1)NewYork2)Pennsylvania3)NewJersey4)Delaware5)MarylandWashingtonD.C.islocatedhere.ThecityofNewYorkisthebiggestcityoftheSateofNewYork,whosecapitalcityisAlbany.ManyfamousuniversitieslikeColumbiaUniversityandCornellUniversityarelocatedhere;Gettysburg,whereAbrahamLincolndeliveredhisfamousspeechTheAddressatGettysburg,isinPennsylvania.3.TheMidwest1)Ohio2)Indiana3)Michigan4)Illinois5)Wisconsin6)Missouri7)Iowa8)Minnesota9)Kansas10)Nebraska11)NorthDakota12)SouthDakotaAmerica’smostimportantagriculturalarea;Thecountry’sleadingcenterofheavyindustry;TheGreatLakesandtheGreatPlains;Chicago,thelargestindustrialandcommercialcenterofthearea,andthelargestportontheGreatLakes;Detroit,theautomobilecapitaloftheworld.4.TheSouth1)Virginia2)WestVirginia3)NorthCarolina4)SouthCarolina5)Georgia6)Florida7)Alabama8)Mississippi9)Kentucky10)Tennessee11)Arkansas12)Texas13)OkalahomaRichinmineralresources;Containing90%oftheAmericantextileindustry;Florida,Atlanta,Huston,DallasandBirminghamarelocatedhere.5.IntermountainRegion1)Montana蒙大纳2)Wyoming3)Colorado4)NewMexico5)Arizona6)Utah7)Nevada8)IdahoTheRockiescrossingtheregion;YellowStoneNationalParkandtheGrandCanyon大峡谷：美国亚利桑那州西北部科罗拉多河的一个大峡谷Denver,thecapitalandbiggestcityoftheStateofColoradoPhoenix,thecapitalandbiggestcityoftheStateofArizonaSaltLakeCity,thecapitalcityoftheStateofUtahLasVegas,thebiggestcityoftheStateofNevada6.ThePacificStates1)California2)Oregon3)Washington4)Alaska5)HawaiiStateofCaliforniaiscalled“TheGoldenState”andhasthebiggestpopulation,withLosAngelesasitsbiggestcity,whichisalsothesecondbiggestcityofthecountry,nextonlytoNewYork;StateofWashingtonisnamedafterPresidentGeorgeWashington,withSeattleasitsbiggestcityStateofAlaskaisseparatedfromRussia’sSiberiainthewestbytheBeringStrait白令海峡,andEskimoslivehere;HawaiiisinthePacificOcean,andMaunaLoa莫纳罗亚山(夏威夷岛的活火山),theworld’slargestactivevolcano,islocatedhere.成都锐砺教育专八培训资料成都锐砺教育专八培训资料2重要城市1.WashingtonD.C.ThecapitalcityoftheU.S.A.TheWhiteHouse;TheCapital2.NewYorkThebiggestcityintheU.S.A.,andfamouscosmopolitancityintheworldFiveboroughs:Manhattan,Brooklyn,Queens,theBronxandStatenIsland;EmpireStatebuilding;StatueofLibertyWallStreetTheHeadquarteroftheUnitedNations.3.LosAngelesThesecondlargestcityintheU.S.A.UniversalStudiosHollywoodDisneyland4.ChicagoThebiggestindustrialcenterintheGreatLakesdistrict;Theworld’sbestcollectionsofmodernarchitecture.5.PhiladelphiaIndependenceHall,wheretheDeclarationofIndependenceisdelivered.6.SanFranciscoThesecondlargestharbornexttoLosAngelesinthePacificCoast;ManyminoritiesGoldenGateBridge7.BostonThebirthofTranscendentalism;先验论：与康德有关的一种哲学，认为人必须超越经验主义或体验到的东西以探知所有知识的先验原则HarvardCollege,StanfordUniversity,MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology;SiliconValley.8.HustonThebiggestindustrialcenterofoilNASA(NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration)山川、河流、湖泊1.MountainsTheAppalachian阿巴拉契亚Mountains;TheRockyMountains,knownastheContinentalDivide.2.RiversTheMississippiRiver,theworld’sgreatcontinentalriver,called“FatherofWaters”or“OldManRiver”TheOhioRiver,calledtheAmericanRuhr;TheColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaRiveronthePacificside3.LakesTheGreatLakes,locatedbetweenCanadaandtheU.S.A;LakeSuperior,thelargestfreshwaterlakeintheworld;LakeMichigan,theonlyoneentirelyintheU.S.A.;LakeHuron休伦湖（北美五大湖中的第二大湖）,LakeEireandLakeOntario历史1.DiscoveryoftheNewWorldIn1492,byChristopherColumbus.2.TheColonialPeriod1607~1733,governedbyBritain.3.TheWarofIndependenceSep.,1774,theFirstContinentalCongress;April19,1775,thebattlesofLexingtonandConcord,thebeginningofthewar;1775,ContinentalArmyandNavy,ledbyGeorgeWashington;1776,theDeclarationofIndependence,draftedbyThomasJefferson;DefeatingtheBritishatSaratoga（萨拉托加：美国纽约东部从前的一个村庄，位于哈得孙河两岸，萨拉托加斯普林斯以东。1777年10月17日约翰·伯戈因将军率领的英军在此被打败并投降，标志着激烈的萨拉托加战役的结束(6月-10月），此役是美国独立战争的一个重要转折点),theturningpointofthewar;1783,theTreatyofParis,inwhichBritainrecognizedtheindependenceoftheU.S.A.;1789,theFederalGovernment,GeorgeWashingtonasthefirstpresident.4.TheCivilWar1861~1865;TheUnionArmydefeatedtheConfederateArmyatGettysburg,whichwastheturningpointofthewar;TheNorthwon.5.EconomicDevelopmentGildedAge(theyearsbetweentheCivilWarandthestartofthe20thcentury)6.TheGreatDepression1929~1933FranklinD.Roosevelt’sNewDeal,whichhelpedgetAmericaoutofthedepression.7.WorldWarIIDecember1941,thebombingofPearlHarbor;CoordinationofAmerica,BritishandSoviettroops;TheendoftheDepressionandthebasisforpostwarprosperity.8.TheCivilRightsMovementInDecember1955,RosaParks,ablackworkerinAlabamarefusedtogiveherseattoawhitepassengerandshewasarrested,whichstartedaboycott;MartinLuth