一般功能性词汇

一般功能性词汇1.因果关系导致，产生giveriseto,leadto,resultin,beresponsiblefor,prompt解析：giveriseto,leadto,resultin表示一般性的“导致、产生、造成”；beresponsiblefor不仅表示“为…负责”，也可以表示“产生”（beingasourceorcause），但多指“产生某种负面后果和不利局面”；prompt表示“激发”（Tomovetoact;spur;incite），有“快速产生”之意。Fast-pacedmodernlifeisresponsiblefortheconsumptionofjunkfood.Thebishop'sspeechhaspromptedanangryresponsefrombothpoliticalparties.SharonStone’sremarksaboutChina’sSichuanearthquakepromptedangryresponsesfromtheChinesepublic.产生于resultfrom,originatein(from)解析：resultfrom表示“产生于”；originatein(from)表示“发源自”例句：YoutiaooriginatedinChina.归因于attribute...to,blame..on,betheculpritof解析：attributeAtoB表示“将A归因于B”；blameAonB，表示“将A（负面的）归咎于B”；culprit本意表示“罪犯”(onechargedwithacrimeoranoffense)，比喻义表示“造成某种负面后果的原因”（thereasonforaparticularproblemordifficulty）例句：Childrentodayaregettingincreasinglyoverweight.Expertsbelievethatexcessiveconsumptionisthemainculprit.使某人做某事promptsbtodosth,motivatesbtodosth解析：prompt指“令某人做出某种具体行动的原因，强调快速激发”；motivate一般功能性词汇2指“成为某人的做某事的动机”Manygreatbusinessmenaremotivatednotbutthedesireformoney.原因cause,reason解析：cause指“造成某事客观原因”，reason指“用来解释的理由”。Reason并不一定就是cause.跟cause有关的几种常用搭配：真实原因realcause,根本原因rootcause,underlyingcause主要原因majorcause,primarycause可能的原因likelycause,possiblecausecontributorycause例句：Thereasonhegaveforhispooracademicperformancesisthathehadrecentlywentthroughaemotionalmeltdown.ButIknowthatisnottherealcause.Unhealthyeatinghabitshavemanyothercontributorycauses.2.事物数量几个several,anumberof,acoupleof解析：several略显非正式；Anumberof是正式表达。AcoupleofdaysAcrossthestreetfrommethereareacoupleofpoliceofficersstandingguard很多个可数alarge(vast)numberof,numerous,ahostof,alegionof,aflockof,flocktodosth解析：Ahostof表示“大量的”指”事物“。Legion本意指“军团”、flock本意表“羊群”，legion和flock都表示“大量的某一类人”。例句：Makingpublictransportationfreemightcreateahostofproblems.一般功能性词汇3Flocksofconsumersarebuyingproductsthattheyhavenorealusefor.很多，大量不可数alargedeal(amount,supply,quantity)of辨析：quantity指“可以装在容器中的某物”；supply指“提供的某物”例句：alargequantityofdrugs,alargequantityoffoodanddrink,alargesupplyofoxygen,alargesupplyoffood很多可数&不可数plentyof辨析：plentyof可修饰可数和不可数名词充足的sufficient,adequate辨析：指“数量”、“质量“、”效力”能够满足需求的。例句：sufficientincome,anadequatesupplyoffood,asufficientsupplyofusefulinformation不充足的insufficient,inadequate十分充足的ample辨析：指morethanenough，搭配较为局限。例句：Ampleevidence,ampleopportunity,ampletime3.重要性重要的basic,fundamental,essential,vital,integral,indispensable解析：essential表示“因为是本质，所以必不可少的”；integral表示“因为是构成整体的一部分，所以必不可少的”，经常出现在integralpart这样的搭配中；indispensable表示“必不可少的”。一般功能性词汇4PetsareanintegralpartoftheAmericanwayoflife重要must,necessity,precondition,prerequisite,priority解析：must做名词，表示“必要的某物”（Somethingindispensable）；prerequisite表示“先决条件”（Requiredornecessaryasapriorcondition）Ifyouliveinacity,acarisamust.Theseriousnessoftrafficjamshighlightsthenecessityofcontrollingautomobilesincities.Inthemodernsociety,havingacollegediplomaisalmostaprerequisitefor/tosuccess.AsufficientTOEFLscoreisalmostaprerequisiteforapplyingforAmericancollegesoruniversities.使…成为必要necessitateApplyingforAmericancollegesoruniversitiesnecessitatestakingTOEFL.Havingmusicclassesnecessitatesbuyingmusicalinstruments,whichcanbeveryexpensive.紧迫urgent,pressing,imperativeImperative表示“需要立刻关注或采取行动的”。（Compellingimmediateattention）Thereisanurgentneedforfreshwaterandamplefood.Pressingneed/matter/problemItisimperativetoprotecttheendangeredanimals.不重要minor,secondary,lowpriority,takethesecondplaceProtectingtheenvironmentisurgent,butitdoesnotmeanthatinvestinginmedicalcaretakesabackseat一般功能性词汇54.事物的大小和程度较大considerable,significant,considerably,significantly巨大tremendous(ly),enormous(ly)过度excessive,excessively极度extreme,extremely在极端情况下Inextremecircumstances,inextremecases合理适度reasonable,reasonably,moderate,moderately5.相似性相同的besimilar(to),alike,comparable解析：similar和comparable既可以做表语也可以作定语，alike做定语和状语。TheChinesecultureandtheKoreanculturearealike(similar,comparable)inmanyaspects.Thegirlsareofcomparable(similar)ages.Lawyersandpoliticiansalike（只能用alike）requireastrongabilitytospeak.不同的different,distinct解析：distinct表示“差异一望而知的，截然不同的。”（Readilydistinguishablefromallothers）Travelinginforeigncountriesallowpeopletogetatasteofdistinctcultures.一般功能性词汇66.方面aspect,facet解析：facet本意是宝石的切面，比喻义“多个方面中的一个”（Oneofnumerousaspects,asofasubject.）TheInternethashadtremendousimpactsoneveryfacetofthemodernlife.Intermsof在“某方面”7.变化增加不及物increase,grow,rise使…增加及物increase,boost变少及物decrease,dwindle使…减少不及物decrease,reduce,cut,trim,slash越来越increasingly,progressively8.时间开始advent解释：advent指“某重大事件的开始”（Thecomingorarrival,especiallyofsomethingextremelyimportant）...theleapforwardincommunicationmadepossiblebytheadventofthemobile一般功能性词汇7phone.及时up-to-date,keepupwith,catchupwithItisimportanttokeepupwithnews.过时out-of-date,render…obsoleteTheadventofdigitalbookswillrenderpaperbooksobsoleteeventually.代替taketheplaceof,replace,supplant短期的temporary,shortterm长期的lasting,longterm最终eventually9.意愿强制mandatory选择optional10.可能性可能possible,likely,probable,chancesaregoodthat,conceivable,possibility,likelihood,probability解析：possible可能性最小,likely和probable最大,chancesaregoodthat相当于likely或probableIfthepubli