有机化学方程式汇总

1有机化学反应方程式汇总1.甲烷与氯气CH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HClCH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HClCHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl（分步取代）2.甲烷的燃烧3.烷烃的燃烧通式4.甲烷的热分解CH4高温C+2H25.烷烃的热分解6.乙烯实验室制法CH3CH2OHH2O+CH2=CH2↑（浓硫酸:催化剂，脱水剂）7.乙烯的燃烧8.乙烯通入溴水中9.乙烯和氢气加成10.乙烯和HCl的反应11.乙烯水化制乙醇12.乙烯催化氧化制备乙醛13.乙烯的加聚反应14.制取聚丙烯CH4+2O2CO2+2H2O燃烧CnH2n+2+O2nCO2+(n+1)H2O3n+12燃烧△C4H10C2H4+C2H6△C4H10CH4+C3H6CH2=CH2+3O22CO2+2H2O点燃2CH2=CH2+O22CH3CHO催化剂加热加压CH3CH=CH2+H2CH3CH2CH3催化剂CH2=CH2+Br2CH2BrCH2BrCH2=CH2+HClCH3CH2Cl催化剂CH2=CH2+H2OCH3CH2OH催化剂―CH2―CH2―nnCH2=CH2催化剂―CH2―CH―nnCH2=CH―CH3催化剂CH3215.1,3-丁二烯的加成反应1,2加成1,4加成完全加成16.1,3-丁二烯的加成反应17.乙炔的制取CaC2+2H2O→C2H2↑+Ca(OH)218.乙炔的燃烧19.乙炔通入溴水中20.乙炔与氢气的加成反应21.乙炔水化制备乙醛22.聚氯乙烯的制备23.苯的燃烧24.苯与液溴反应（FeBr3作催化剂）25.苯的硝化反应ClCl+Cl2催化剂Cl+Cl2催化剂ClCl+2Cl2催化剂ClClCl―CH2―C=CH―CH2―nnCH2=C―CH=CH2催化剂CH3CH32C2H2+5O24CO2+2H2O(l)+2600kJ点燃1,2-二溴乙烷HCCH+BrBrCCBrBrHH1,1,2,2-四溴乙烷+BrBrCCBrBrHHCCBrBrHBrBrH△催化剂HCCH+H2H2CCH2CH≡CH+HClCH2=CHCl△催化剂氯乙烯CH≡CH+H2O乙醛H3CCOH△催化剂聚氯乙烯H2CCHCln－CH2－CH－－Cln点燃+15O212CO2+6H2O2+Br2+HBrBr催化剂溴苯NO2HONO2+浓硫酸△+H2O硝基苯326.苯的磺化反应27.苯与氢气加成生成环己烷28.苯与氯气的加成反应29.苯的同系物被高锰酸钾酸性溶液氧化30.甲苯和氯气的取代反应31.甲苯的硝化反应32.甲苯和氢气的加成反应33.溴乙烷水解CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH3CH2OH+NaBr34.溴乙烷消去反应CH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2↑+NaBr+H2O35.乙醇与钠反应2CH3CH2OH+2Na2CH3CH2ONa+H2↑36.乙醇催化氧化2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O37.乙醇的燃烧CH3CH2OH+3O2→2CO2+3H2OH2O,△△Cu△醇△HOSO3H+△+H2OSO3H苯磺酸催化剂+3H2△ClClClClClCl+3Cl2光照CHKMnO4(H+)COOHCH3HONO2+3浓硫酸△+3H2OCH3NO2NO2O2N2,4,6-三硝基甲苯(TNT)+3H2△NiCH3CH3CH3CH3Cl+Cl2+HClFeCH3ClCH3+Cl2+HClFe438.乙醇与浓氢溴酸的反应CH3CH2OH+HBr→CH3CH2Br+H2O39.乙醇脱水(分子内、分子间)CH3CH2OHCH2=CH2↑+H2O（消去反应）2CH3CH2OHCH3CH2—O—CH2CH3+H2O（取代反应）40.苯酚的电离方程式41.苯酚与NaOH溶液反应42.苯酚与金属钠反应43.苯酚和碳酸钠溶液反应44.苯酚钠和盐酸反应45.苯酚钠溶液中通入CO2气体46.苯酚和浓溴水反应（苯酚的定性检验和定量测定方法）47.苯酚的硝化反应48.苯酚与FeCl3溶液49.苯酚的加成反应浓H2SO4140℃OH电离O-+H+OH+NaOHONa+H2OOH2+2NaONa2+H2OH+Na2CO3ONa+NaHCO3+HClOH+NaClONa+CO2+H2OOH+NaHCO3ONaOH+3HNO3+3H2OOHNO2O2NNO2浓硫酸苦味酸OHFeCl3溶液紫色,易溶于水的物质OHOH+3H2Ni环己醇OH+3Br2OHBrBrBr+3HBr550.苯酚的缩聚反应n+n+nH2OOHCH2OHHCOHn51.苯酚的酯化反应52.乙醛的加成反应(还原反应)53.乙醛的氧化反应—燃烧反应54.乙醛的催化氧化反应55.乙醛与银氨溶液的反应③CH3CHO+2[Ag(NH3)2]++2OH-CH3COO-+NH4++2Ag+3NH3+H2O56.乙醛与Cu(OH)2悬浊液反应57.乙醛的制备方法乙醇氧化法乙烯氧化法乙炔水化法58.醛的加成反应(还原反应)59.醛的催化氧化反应OH+CH3COOH+H2OOOCCH3乙酸酐CH3CHO+H2CH3CH2OH催化剂2CH3CHO+5O24CO2+4H2O点燃2CH3CHO+O22CH3COOH催化剂①Ag++NH3·H2OAgOH+NH4+②AgOH+2NH3·H2O[Ag(NH3)2]++OH-+2H2O2CH3CH2OH+O22CH3CHO+2H2O催化剂+H2OCH3CHOHCCH催化剂2+O22CH3CHO加热加压H2CCH2催化剂2R―CHO+O22R―COOH催化剂R―CHO+H2R―CH2OH催化剂CH3CHO+2Cu(OH)2CH3COOH+Cu2O+2H2OCu2++2OH-Cu(OH)2660.醛与银氨溶液的反应61.醛与Cu(OH)2悬浊液反应62.甲醛的银镜反应63.甲醛与Cu(OH)2悬浊液反应64.乙酸与氢氧化铜悬浊液2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)2=(CH3COO)2Cu+2H2O65.乙酸乙酯制取（用饱和碳酸钠溶液收集）CH3COOH+CH3CH2OHCH3COOC2H5+H2O66.乙二酸和乙二醇反应C―OH∣C―OHOOHO―CH2∣HO―CH2++2H2O浓硫酸CCOCH2CH2OOOnHOOC―COOH+nHOCH2―CH2OH+2nH2O―C―C―OCH2―CH2O―OOn浓硫酸67.乙醇和硝酸酯化CH3CH2OH+HNO3CH3CH2ONO2+H2O浓硫酸68.乙酸乙酯的水解CH3COOC2H5+H2OCH3COOH+CH3CH2OH稀硫酸CH3COOC2H5+NaOH====CH3COONa+CH3CH2OH69.甲酸钠与银氨溶液反应HCOONa＋2Ag(NH3)2OHNH4OCOONa+2Ag↓＋3NH3↑＋H2O浓硫酸△R―CHO+2Cu(OH)2R―COOH+Cu2O↓+2H2OR―CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHR―COONH4+2Ag↓+3NH3+H2OHCHO+4Cu(OH)2CO2+2Cu2O+5H2OHCHO+4[Ag(NH3)2]++4OH-(NH4)2CO3+4Ag+6NH3+2H2O770.甲酸钠与新制氢氧化铜反应HCOONa+2Cu(OH)2+NaOHNa2CO3+Cu2O↓+3H2O71.葡萄糖的银镜反应CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH2OH(CHOH)4COONH4＋2Ag↓＋3NH3↑＋H2O72.葡萄糖与新制氢氧化铜反应CH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Cu(OH)2+NaOHCH2OH(CHOH)4COONa+Cu2O↓+3H2O73.蔗糖水解C12H22O11+H2O催化剂C6H12O6+C6H12O6蔗糖葡萄糖果糖74.麦芽糖水解C12H22O11+H2O催化剂2C6H12O6麦芽糖葡萄糖75.淀粉水解(C6H10O5)n+nH2O催化剂nC6H12O6淀粉葡萄糖76.纤维素水解(C6H10O5)n+nH2O催化剂nC6H12O6纤维素葡萄糖77.工业制取肥皂(皂化反应)C17H35COO―CH2∣C17H35COO―CH∣C17H35COO―CH2+3NaOH3C17H35COONa+HO―CH2∣HO―CH∣HO―CH278.油酸甘油酯硬化79.工业制造乙苯+CH2=CH2880.制造硝酸纤维的反应81.甲苯与高锰酸钾酸性溶液反应5+6KMnO4+9H2SO4→5+3K2SO4+6MnSO4+14H2O82.甘油制取炸药83.甲醛与苯酚反应制取酚醛树脂代表物之间的转化关系：CH3CH3CH2=CH2CH=CHCH2=CHClCH3CH2OHCH2BrCH2BrCH2OHCH2OHCHOCHOCOOHCOOH[CH2—CH]nClCH3CHOCH3COOHCH3COOC2H5CH3CH2BrO=CO=CCH2CH2OO