伊犁心叶驼绒藜植物生物学及生态学特性研究

伊犁心叶驼绒藜植物生物学及生态学特性研究沙吾列沙比汗1,2,安沙舟1,杨刚2,努尔加列力3,张荟荟2,付爱良2,郑晓红2(1.新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆草地资源与生态重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830052;2.新疆畜牧科学院草业研究所,乌鲁木齐830000;3.昌吉市草原站,新疆昌吉831100):!,!,,,!(50a),,,,(5m),,,pH8.0,1.0%~2.0%,,!,,:;;;;:S79301:A:1001-4330(2010)09-1842-05StudyontheBotanical,BiologicalandEcologicalCharacteristicsofCeratoidesewersmannianacv.YiLiShawulieShabihan1,2,ANSha-zhou1,YANGGang2,Nuerjialieli3,ZHANGHui-hui2,FUAi-liang2,ZHENGXiao-hong2(1.CollegeofGrasslandandEnvironmentalScience,XinjiangAgriculturalUniversity,KeyLaboratoryofGrasslandResourcesandEcologyofXinjiang,Urumqi830052,China;2.GrasslandInstitute,XinjiangAcademyofAnimalSciences,Urumqi830000,China;3.ChangjiCityGrasslandStation,ChangjiXinjiang831100,China)Abstract:Objective!Thebotanical,biologicalandecologicalcharacteristicsofCeratoidesewersmannianacv.YiLiwerestudied,intheaimofprovidinggoodquality,draughtresistantandenvironmentallyfriendlyplantandforageresourcesfortheecologicalconstructionaswindprevention,waterandsoilprotection,andforthedevelopmentofanimalhusbandry.Method!Aproperpieceoflandwereselectedwithintheexperimentalarea,thewildC.ewersmannianaseedswereplanted.Attheendtheanalysisweremadeonbotanical,biologicalandecologicalcharacteristicsofC.ewersmannianausingboththefieldinvestigationandstatisticalresults.Result!Thestudyresults:C.ewersmannianahasalonglifetime(longerthan50years),tall,thickandrichbranches,developedundergroundrootsystem(theolderonesexceed5m),strongenduranceonseverewinterandtorridsummers,anddraughtandsaltresistance.TheseedscangerminatenormallyinthesoilwithpH8.0and1.0%-2.0%oftotalsalt.ItisoneofthebestspeciesfordesertrangelandrestorationandreseedingimprovementinXinjiang.Conclusion!C.ewersmannianaisonlydistributedinNorthernXinjiangofChina.Itisoneofthevaluablewildgoodqualityforageplantresourcesinnaturaldesertrangelandswithwideecologicalamplitude.Specially,itplaysanimportantroleinthevegetationrestorationandecologicalconstructionofdesertrangelandsinXinjiang.Keywords:Ceratoidesewersmannianacv.YiLi;botanicalcharacteristics;biologicalcharacteristics;ecologicalcharacteristics;desertrangeland:2010-05-06:([2000]170);∀#(200231111):(1978-),(),,,,,(E-mail)[e-mail]:(1956-),,,,,,(E-mail)[e-mail];[e-mail]新疆农业科学2010,47(9):1842-1846XinjiangAgriculturalSciences0引言!(),3[1],,,[2],,,,,,,[3]Ceratoidesewersmanniana,!,,,,[1],2600∃104hm2,50%,,[2],,[4];,StipaglareosaSeriphidiumterae-albae[5],,,,,;,,,;,,,;,,[6,7]Ceratoidesewersmanniana(Stschegl.exLosink.)Botsch.etIkonn.cv.YiLi,2006,,337!!,1材料与方法1.1,,,E86%37&,N44%14&,504m,NanophytonerinaceumReaumuriasoongoricaSalsolacollina,,,,,0.5%~1.5%,160mm,6.7∋,725.6∋,41.7∋,1-15.1∋,-34.4∋;170d1.22002101.3,,83300/hm2(40cm,30cm),35m2(7m∃5m),3,,,1.42结果与分析2.1,,18439期沙吾列沙比汗等:伊犁心叶驼绒藜植物生物学及生态学特性研究,,,60~90cm250~70cm,30~40,30~50cm,55%~65%,,,,,,,,29.5mm(25.0~40.0mm),12.2mm(10~20mm),1(0.414(0.330~0.520),;;4,;4,;1~2,,,,1/6,,2,3.56g,2.12g()11Table1ThetestresultsofbotanicalcharacteristicsoftheCeratoidesewersmannianacv.Yili(cm)(cm)(mm)/0~10cm10~20cm20cm(mm)(mm)78.860.75.4512.74.77.25.217.715.529.512.21(0.4142.22.2.1根系生物学特性:2,,1,,4,,,5~20cm,2,2,,50cm,,,,,,3,2,2,,,(3),,,,,24623,2~7.3,,22Table2ThebiologicalcharacteristicsoftherootsystemCeratoidesewersmannianacv.Yiliindifferentages(cm)(cm)/(cm)(m)(cm)258.580.13710∃200.85∃0.8558.5478.7320.40720∃401.0∃1.078.76107550.51440∃601.2∃1.22332195700.35975∃702.5∃2.516473376700.18685∃705.5∃5.53028528750.142100∃803∃38942.2.2植株高度株丛分枝等特性,250~70cm,,100cm60.7cm,,11.0%~42%1.5m,,5.45mm,,2()(),1844新疆农业科学47卷,,,,,,:0~10cm12.7/(4.7/)37%,10~20cm7.2/(5.2/)72%,20cm17.7/(15.5/)88%,,,,,,,2.2.3生育期(),4,6,,,1,7,9~10,176~180d33()()Table3Observationofthegrowthstages(phenologicalphase)ofCeratoidesewersmannianacv.Yili(d)46~410556156257.2510.3176~1802.32.3.1耐盐性0.59%~5.41%,1%2%3%4%4,,1%2%3%4%CK(),80%740%40.0%30.0%70.0%,2%2.3.2耐寒耐热性-35∋(),65∋,44Table4ThetestresultsofoverwinteringpercentageoftheCeratoidesewersmannianacv.Yili()(%)(%)413100298820~9510001003讨论3.1,56.2%,,,2.57(1,1.94(1,2.23(1[8]3.2,,,[9]16.2%,14.1%,31.7%,,3.3,3.4,,,,,,[10]18459期沙吾列沙比汗等:伊犁心叶驼绒藜植物生物学及生态学特性研究4结论4.1,250~400mm(0~60cm)9%~10%,,4.2,,,,,,4.3(33m,),,,:[1].[M].:,1993.[2].[J].,2002,(3):33-34.[3],.-[J].,2003,19(1):184-186.[4],,,.[J].,2008,28(2):258-265.[5].[J].,2002,(3):24-27.[6],,,.8[J].,2003,(17)2:122-127.[8],,,.[C]//.(),2002:84-86.[9],,,.[C]//.(),2002:1-9.[10].[J].,2001,22(5):31-33.1846新疆农业科学47卷