余氯对水生生物的影响

2510200510ACTAECOLOGICASINICAVol.25,No.10Oct.,20051,2,3,1,3,2,1,3,1,3,1(11,310012;21,310029;31,200090):(2004DIB3J087);(Y504012);(2005106);:2004211207;:2005205210:(1975),,,,.E2mail:[e-mail]:,!Foundationitem:ProgramonResearchforPublicGoodofMOST(No.2004DIB3J087),ProvincialNaturalScienceFoundationofZhejiang(No.Y504012),YouthFoundationofMarineScienceofStateOceanicAdministration(No.2005106),FoundationoftheKeyLaboratoryofMarineandEstuarineFisheriesofChineseMinistryofAgricultureReceiveddate:2004211207;Accepteddate:2005205210Biography:ZENGJiang2Ning,Ph.D.candidate,mainlyengagedinmarineecologyandenvironment.E2mail:[e-mail]:,,,,,,:;;();:100020933(2005)1022717208:Q17811;X55:AAdvancedineffectofresidualchlorineonhydrobiosZENGJiang2Ning1,2,3,CHENQuan2Zhen1,3,ZHENGPing2,GAOAi2Gen1,3,LIAOYi2Bo1,3,YANGGuan2Ming1(11LaboratoryofMarineEcosystemandBiogeochemistry,SecondInstituteofOceangraphyStateOceanicAdministration,Hangzhou310012,China;2.CollegeofEnvironmentalandResourceScience,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou310029,China;31KeyLaboratoryofMarineandEstuarineFisheries,MinistryofAgriculture,Shanghai200090,China).ActaEcologicaSinica,2005,25(10):27172724.Abstract:Chlorinationiswidelyusedforpreventingbiofoulinginpowerplantcoolingwatersystems.Recentresearchhasindicatedthatchlorinesourcedfromthecoolingwaterofpowerplantisoneofthemajorharmfulfactorswhichdamageadjacentwaterecosystem.Inthispaper,thetechnologyandresearchprogressontheutilizationofchlorineinthecoolingwaterofenterprisesandharmfuleffectsoftheresidualchlorineonphytoplankton,zooplankton,fishandshellfish,etc.werereviewed.Though012mgL-1chlorinemaykill60%80%unicellularalgae,phytoplanktonbiomasscouldberecoveredafter35days,butthespeciescompositionwouldbechanged.Zooplanktonismoresensitivetochlorinethanphytoplankton.Whenitisexposedtothechlorine,andthelethalconcentration50%islowerincontinuouslyfillingofthechlorinethaninintermittentway.Theeffectofchlorineonshellfishismorecomplicatedthanotheranimals,itvarieswiththevariousspecies,ages,chlorineconcentration,temperature,andseasonalteration,butexceptforBrachidontesstriatulus.Regardingfinfish,chlorineexposurewouldleadtogilldamage,butsomeconfusedresultshavebeenreported,e.g.minnowscouldacclimatetochlorine,andtheavoidancereactionofBrevoortiatyrannuscolonytochlorineismoresuperiorthanthatofitsindividual,however,themechanismofthesephenomenaisstillunclear.Asreferences,dataandviewpointsfromvariousdocumentsaresignificantforstipulatingfordrainagestandardofresidual©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.chlorineincoolingwater,andtherationaldistributionofaquiculture.Uptodate,however,noresearchontoxicityofchlorinetomostmarinespecieshasbeendoneinChina,andasaresult,thereisnotanycriterionforjudgingmarineecologicalsecurity,whenmanylargepowerplantsareconstructedinthecoast.Theauthorconsidersthatinthefuturestudiesonthetoxicityofchlorinetomarinepopulations,theeffectofchlorineonspeciescomposition,communitystructureandecologicalsuccession,aswellasthecountermeasuresforavoidingorlighteningpollutionoftheresidualchlorineshouldbefocusedon.Keywords:residualchlorine;hydrobios;ecosystem;powerplant,(biofouling)[1]:;[2,3],[2],,1924[4],2040,,Turner[5],[6,7][3,812][13][1418][1922],,,1[16,23](011015mgL-1)[24](Dreissenapolymorpha)[17](Mytilusedulis)[23]011mgL-1,[16],1mgL-1[25],012mgL-1[24],,011mgL-1[15,26],,[24,27]Rajagopal[24]Madras1976,12mgL-1,1h,8h,198735211kgm-2Rajagopal[27],,,(35mgL-1),,715min;,Mytilopsisleucophaeata,100%,(4h,4h)05%[27],pH[27,28](zebramussel),2025,3095%842h,015mgL-1303218h,95%[18]Saravanane[29],1),,;2);3),,,-1,0+12,,[29]211,[30]012mgL-160%80%[31]Glasstone[32]20%,Hamilton[30]817225©1995-2005TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.91%,25%,30%,PatuxentChalkPoint616%Sarvanane[29]012015mgL-1,3,413352381indöml,(617104813104indöml)368d,,,(Thalassiosirahyalina),,100%,,,,[7,29]212,(1)1,,;1Table1EffectofresidualchlorinetovariouszooplanktonSpeciesTemperature()SalinityCriterionEffectconcentration(mgL-1)ReferenceDaphniamagna251freshwater482hLC5001032[3]251freshwater482hILC5001055[3]16freshwater242hLC5001038[19]19freshwater242hLC5001047[19]25freshwater242hLC5001043[19]Hyalellaazteca251freshwater962hLC5001078[3]251freshwater962hILC5001301[3]Mysidopsisbahia25120962hLC5001062(0105201074)[3]25120962hILC5001210(0116901257)[3]25120LC5001073[12]25120962hILC5001267[12]Neomysissp.1528LC5001162[33]Unmarkedorganismsweretestedforcontinuousexposures;LC50:Theconcentrationresultingin50%ofthetestorganismslethalforcontinuousexposures;ILC50:Theconcentrationresultingin50%ofthetestorganismslethalforintermittentexposures;8h40minOrganismswereexposedintermittentlytoadilutionseriesofoxidantfor40minevery8h;2h40minOrganismswereexposedintermittentlytoadilutionseriesofoxidantfor40minevery2h213,[8,28,3437]1mgL-1,,[36];,,,[23,36]Masilamoni[28]:(1);(2),;(3)Lewis[23]4143mgL-149h,30minRajagopal[36]0175mgL-1(Brachidontesstriatulus),0125mgL-l6%30%(Pernaviridis)(0115mgL-1)[28]0104mgL-1,[38]Rajagopal[27,37],(Pernaperna)(Brachidontesvariabilis)(Modiolusphilipp