数控十字工作台

课程设计设计题目：课程名称：学院：专业：姓名：*******学号：**********年级：任课教师：2013年12月30日贵州大学本科课程设计诚信责任书本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的课程论文（设计），是在导师的指导下独立进行研究所完成。课程论文（设计）中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。特此声明。论文（设计）作者签名：日期：贵州大学本科课程设计任务书学生信息学号*****学院机械学院班级姓名*****专业机械设计制造及其自动化机自103教师信息姓名蔡家斌职称副教授学历硕士教师信息姓名杨绿职称讲师学历博士任务书发出时间2013年12月9日设计题目数控十字工作台机电系统设计论文（设计）起止时间2013年12月16日——2014年1月3日共需周数3主要内容:①进行数控十字工作台的机电系统设计②结合设计任务的要求拟定总体机械和电气控制系统方案。③根据拟定的机械系统方案进行数控十字工作台的机械结构方案设计。④根据拟定的电气设计方案进行电气控制系统设计及相关元器件选用。⑤完成工作台机械结构的结构简图和相关电气原理图的绘制，并绘制必要的控制程序流程图。⑥编写设计说明书。主要要求:①方案拟定正确，设计计算根据来源可靠，计算数据准确无误。②元气件选用正确规范符合国家颁布标准。③相关电气图纸的绘制要求视图完整、符合最新国家标准，图面整洁、质量高。④所有图纸中必须含工作台机械结构简图1张、电气控制原理框图、相关控制电路、程序流程图等电气原理图1～2张。⑤课程设计说明书应阐述整个设计内容：如课题来源现实意义、总体方案确定、系统框图分析、电气元件选用说明、以及机械和电气的其它部分。说明书要突出重点，图文并茂、文字通畅、计算正确、字迹清晰、内容完整。说明书页数不少于20页。预期目标:完成符合任务书要求的数控十字工作台的机电系统设计，包括机械结构方案设计、控制系统设计及程序流程图设计等。完成机械结构简图设计、电气控制原理图设计、相关程序流程图设计。撰写不低于20页左右设计论文，并附录相关资料及设计图纸。计划进程:序号计划时间进程112.2～12.4课题调研及资料收集，研究问题及提出初步总体方案212.5～12.7总体方案论证及确定312.8～12.12机械部分方案论证确定及计算412.13～12.16电气部分方案论证确定及设计512.16～撰写论文及绘制相关图纸主要参考文献:[1]李斌.数控技术[M].华中科技大学出版社，2013.1[2]尹志强.机电一体化系统设计课程设计指导书，2007.7[3]张毅刚.单片机原理及应用[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2004.1[4]机电一体化技术手册编委会.机电一体化技术手册[M].北京：机械工业出版社，1999.9[5]陆昆，奚大顺，李之权等.电子设计技术[M].北京：电子科技大学出版社，1998.10目录摘要····································································································I第一章前言························································································21.1数控技术与数控机床概述·································································21.2数控十字工作台概述及应用······························································2第二章总体方案的确定··············································································32.1总体方案的确定··············································································32.1.1机械系统传动部件的选择·························································32.1.2电气控制系统的设计································································4第三章机械部分各部件的设计····································································53.1滚珠丝杠副的选择···········································································53.2支承方式的选择··············································································63.3导轨副的选择·················································································73.4步进电机的选择··············································································83.5联轴器的设计···············································································103.6滚珠丝杠副的预紧·········································································113.7进给传动系统的误差分析·······························································123.8机械机构部分总体装配图·······························································12第四章控制系统部分的设计·····································································144.1控制系统硬件的基本组成·······························································144.2控制卡的选择···············································································144.3驱动器的选择···············································································174.3.1驱动器的功能及使用······························································184.3.2驱动器的输入输出信号···························································194.4电气接线图··················································································20第五章零件加工程序···············································································22第六章总结···························································································24参考文献··································································································24致谢································································································25贵州大学本科课程设计论文第I页-I-数控十字工作台机电系统设计摘要数控十字工作台是一种加工用途广泛的机床工作台，本次设计的数控十字工作台，主要用于经济型数控铣床，其精度要求不高，工作量要求不大。该设计包括机械系统部分的设计和电气控制部分的设计。其中机械传动部分的设计又包括机械本体、动力与驱动部分、执行机构的设计，主要涉及导轨副的选择、滚珠丝杠的设计以及步进电动机的选型。而电气控制部分的设计包括控制系统的硬件和软件两部分的设计，硬件部分主要有环分电路、功率驱动电路和电流控制电路的设计，以及控制卡的选用，软件部分主要是控制卡控制程序的编写。这是一个典型的机电一体化系统的设计。关键词：精度、工作台、滚珠丝杠、步进电机、控制系统。-2-第一章前言1.1数控技术与数控机床概述随着计算机技术、微电子技术、现代控制技术、传感与检测技术、制造技术等多学科领域的发展，数控技术已经成为现代制造系统中不可或缺的基础技术，数控技术和数控机床的应用在制造业中日益普及，已成为机电一体化高新制造技术的基础和重要组成部分。数控机床是指应用数控技术对加工过程进行控制的机床，它具有加工柔性好、加工精度高、生产率高、自动化程度高、劳动力要求低等多种优点，有利于生产管理的现代化以及经济效益的提高。数控机床是一种高度机电一体化的产品，适用于加工多品种小批量零件、结构较复杂、精度要求较高的零件。一个国家工业化发展的程度，很大程度在于数控机床的应用上。1.2数控十字工作台概述及应用数控十字工作台是数控机床上的一个重要组成部分，它的发展与机床一样有着重要的意义，它是许多机电一体化设备的基本部件，如数控车床的横向和纵向机构，数控钻铣床的XY工作台，激光加工设备的工作台等等，随着数控十字工作台的多样化、自动化已经灵活化等，它能加工出许多复杂多样的零件，能够满足更高的精度要求，对数控十字工作台的研究能够进一步增强我们对机床的认识，巩固所学专业知识，为机床的研究打下坚实的基础，数控十字工作台是光、机、电一体化高度集成设备，科技含量高，与传统机加工相比，数控十字工作台的加工精度更高、柔性化好，有利于提高材料的利用率，降低产品成本，减轻工人负担，对制造业来说，可以说是不可缺少的一部分，因此，对数控十字工作台机电一体化系统进行研究，能够推动现代制造技术的进步，本次设计就数控十字工作台的机电一体系统进行设计与分析，为以后在实践中可能遇到的相关问题打下坚实的基础。-3-第二章总体方案的确定2.1总体方案的确定根据课程设计的要求，参考数控十字工作台的有关资料，确定总体方案如下图2.2-1所示：其原理为通过控制器对数据进行运算处理，将数据发送给驱动器，经过功率放大后驱动电机，电机通过联轴器与丝杠相连，从而驱动工作台的运动。图2.2-1：系统总体原理图2.1.1机械系统传动部件的选择1.丝杠螺母副的选择步进电动机的旋转运动需要通过丝杠螺母副转换成直线运动，需要满足相应的脉冲当量，因为定位精度要求相对较高，而丝杠螺母副主要有滑动丝杠螺母机构和滚珠丝杠螺母机构两种，相比之下，滑动丝杠螺母机构传动效率低，仅仅为30%-40%，而滚动丝杠螺母机构具有传动效率高，约92%—98%，灵敏度高，无颤动、无爬行，同步性好，定控制器驱动器驱动器X向工作台Y向工作台联轴器联轴器