Unit4新世纪大学英语系列教材综合教程2

新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册1Unit4TextANewwordsandExpressions1.respect:n.aparticularpointordetailGracewasafinewoman—perfectinalmosteveryrespect.Collocations:inthisrespect在这个方面ineveryrespect在各个方面insomerespects在有些方面inanyrespect在任何方面innorespect绝不2.asregards:onthesubjectof;concerningCouldyouelaborateonyourgovernmentpolicyasregardsenvironmentalprotection?Therearenospecialrulesasregardswhatclothesyoushouldwear.至于应该穿什么衣服,并没有硬性规定。3.cutoff:①tocausesb.todiesoonerthanisnormal使夭折DiseasecutSmithoffinthebestpartofhislife②toremovesth.(fromsth.larger)bycutting切下Hecutoffametreofclothfromtheroll.③tostop,interruptorisolate中断Severalvillageshavebeencutoffbythesnow.④toseparatesth.bycuttingitawayfromthemainpart切断Don’tcutyourfingersoff!4.inquire:v.toaskforinformationSheinquiredofmemostpolitelywhetherIwishedtocontinueCollocationsinquireabout查问；查明inquireafter问候；问安inquirefor查询(货物)；求见inquireinto查究；调查CF:ask,demand,inquire&question这些动词均含有“问”，“询问”之意。ask最为普通，可与demand,inquire和question换用，但ask用于口语中，指提出问题让人回答。例如：demand指根据自己的权利、职责或身份认为有必要弄清情况而正式发问，常隐含命令对方回答的意味。例如：inquire比较正式，指为得到真实情况而详细询问或调查了解。例如：question指因感到可疑或为了解情况，弄清究竟而发问，有时指一连串的发问。例如：5.part:v.toseparateordivideIfwemustpart,Ihopewecanbefriends.如果我们必须分手，我希望我们分了手还是朋友。6.exclaim:v.tocryoutsuddenlyandloudlyforpain,anger,surprise,etc.Hecouldnothelpexclaimingathowmuchhissonhasgrown.CF:cry,shout,exclaim&scream这些动词的均有“喊”，“叫”之意。cry一般指因恐惧、痛苦、惊奇等而喊叫。shout指有意识地高声喊叫，常用于提出警告、不满、发命令或唤起注意等。exclaim多指因高兴、愤怒、痛苦、惊讶等突发感情而高声喊叫。scream指因恐惧、快乐或痛苦而发出尖叫声7.keen:adj.1)sharp,active,sensitiveDogshaveakeensenseofsmell.2)intense,strong,deepAfterretirement,hehadakeensenseofloss.退休后，他有一种强烈的失落感。3)eager,enthusiasticShewasnotverykeenonfootball.CF:sharp,acute&keen这些形容词均有“锐利的”，“敏锐的”，“机敏的”之意。sharp指思路、视觉、听觉等方面的灵敏、敏锐。例如：It’sverysharpofyoutohaveansweredsuchaquestion.你真够机敏的，能回答这个问题。新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册2acute指五官、感觉、心智等方面的敏锐、深刻，一般可与sharp换用。例如：Rabbitshaveanacutesenseofhearing.兔子有敏锐的听觉。keen和sharp,acute一样，都可表示心智、感觉等方面的敏锐。例如：Theoldmanhasakeensight.这个老人目光锐利。8.onthegroundsthat…:forthereasonthat…IhadtoretireonthegroundsthatIwasill.9.guardagainst:topreventsth.fromhappeningInthesecircumstanceshemustguardagainstpessimism.Hiddenarrowsaredifficulttoguardagainst.暗箭难防。Collocations:guardagainstdisease预防疾病guardagainstbadhabits杜绝陋习guardagainstsuspicion避免嫌疑10.undue:adj.morethanisreasonable,suitableornecessaryDon’ttreatthematterwithunduehaste.不要过急地处理那个问题。11.cling:vi.toholdtightly;refusetogiveupSmallchildrenclingtotheirmothers.Clingtolifeandbescaredofdeath.贪生怕死。12.suck:v.1)take(liquidorair,etc.)intothemouthbyusingthelipmusclesBeessuckhoneyfromflowers.Donotteachyourgrandmothertosuckeggs.用不着教你的祖母如何吸食鸡蛋。不要班门弄斧。2)toabsorbPlantssuckupmoisturefromthesoil3)topullsb.orsth.withgreatpowerandforceitintooroutofaparticularplaceHewassuckedintoalifeofcrime.13.indifferent:adj.1)notcaringaboutornoticing;notinterestedinTheexplorerswereindifferenttodangersoftheexpedition.探险家们将征途上的危险置之度外。2)notparticularlygood;mediocre;fairlybadanindifferentbook质量较差的一本书anindifferentcook手艺平平的厨师Pattern:beindifferentto/towards14.render:vt.1)togive,presentorofferWecallonyoutorenderassistance.Rendergoodforevil.以德报怨2)causesb.orsth.TobeinaparticularconditionHisfatnessrendershimunabletotouchhistoe.他身体肥胖到摸不到自己的脚趾。15.oppress:vt.1)toruleunjustlyorcruellyWomenwereoftenoppressedbymeninthepast.2)tocausesb.tofeelworried,uncomfortableThethreatofwaroppressedusall.战争的威胁使我们忧心忡忡。16.cheat:v.1)todeceiveortrickIt’simmoraltocheatinatest.考试作弊是不道德的。2)totakesth.from(sb.)deceitfullyTheywerecheatedofvictory.他们的胜利之果被别人骗走了。新世纪大学英语综合教程第三册3Pattern:cheatsb.(out)ofsth.注意该词的词性变化，它的名词为：cheat。CF:cheat,deceive,trick&fool这些动词均含有“欺骗”之意。cheat较为普通，指用蒙蔽他人的手段取得所需之物，尤多指在赢利的买卖中骗人。例如：Hecheatedtheoldwomanoutofhermoney.他骗了老妇人的钱。deceive指用虚假外表使人信以为真，或蓄意歪曲事实，或造成错误印象使人上当受骗。例如：Weweredeceivedintobelievinghecouldhelpus.我们受骗了，还以为他会帮助我们。trick指用阴谋诡计等骗得信任或得到所需之物。例如：Shetrickedmeintoadmittingresponsibility.她哄骗我承担责任。fool指把某人当傻瓜，愚弄欺骗某人。例如：Don’tfoolmeagain.别又把我当傻瓜。17.achieve:vt.1)tocompleteoraccomplish;toget(sth.)doneYouwillneverachieveanythingifyoudon’tworkharder.2)togainorreachbyeffortOnewhowantstoachieveeverythingwillachievenothing.想一切都成的人必将一事无成。CF:accomplish,achieve,fulfill&complete这些动词均含有“完成”之意。accomplish指成功地完成了规定的工作、计划、任务等，侧重强调达到预期目的的整个过程。achieve指通过持续的努力而完成或实现，特别强调由于非常努力，克服困难后达到目的。fulfill指达到预定的目标，如计划的完成、职责的履行、诺言的实现、任务的完成等。Complete指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分。18.overcome:vt.1)tosuccessfullycontrolafeelingoraproblemthatpreventsyoufromachievingsth.;todefeatHeovercameastrongtemptationtotakedrugsagain.他抵制了再次吸食毒品的强烈诱惑。2)(ofsmokeorgas)makessb.sickorunconsciousHewassenttohospitalafterhewasovercomebygasfumes.Collocations:beovercomebyfatigue筋疲力尽beovercomebygrief悲伤过度beovercomebyemotion不胜感触beovercomebyliquor醉酒beovercomebyfumes被烟薰倒19.recede:vi.tomovebackorawayThetidesadvance;thetidesrecede.潮起潮落。20.merge:v.1)tocombine;tojointhingstogethertoformonethingThebankmergedwithitsmajorrival.这家银行和其主要对手合并了。2)tofadeorchangegraduallyThewaterandtheskymergeinonecolor.水天一色。21.carryon:1)tocontinue(doingsth.)Wecarriedonwithourdiscussion.2)toconductortakepartinIt’sdifficulttocarryonaconversationatanoisypart