英语国际音标表48个

语音知识:1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母只有a,e,i(y),o,u2)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。即20个元音音素和28个辅音音素.3)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。4)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。5)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple，stu'dent，tea'cher，un'der'stand。6)开音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音+enamebikehomedue;b)辅音+元音he，go，hi。7)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音bad，bed，sit，hot，cup;b)元音+辅音it。8)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。英语国际音标表（48个）元音（20个）辅音（28个）轻辅音/p//t//k//f//θ//s/浊辅音/b//d//g//v//ð//z/轻辅音/ʃ//h//ts//tʃ//tr/浊辅音/ʒ//r//dz//dʒ//dr/鼻音/m//n//ŋ/半元音/j//w/边音/ǀ/英语音标及字母组合对照元音:1)[i:]字母组合:eeeaeieei（eoeyi）threetreegreensheepmeetbeefseeseek长元音/ɑ://ɔ://ɜ://i://U:/短元音/ʌ//ɒ//ə//ɪ//ʊ//e//æ//eɪ//aɪ//ɔɪ/双元音/ɪə//eə//ʊə//əʊ//aʊ/eatteameatleaveleadteacherteammeanspeakcleanpleaseheshemepiecereceiveceiling2)[I]发音字母iyeuiuasitpictureitislistsixmixfixfitpigbigbuildmissmythmanytwentyhappydictionarydefectdecidedelicious3)[æ]发音字母abaghandandanthappyhatmapmadbadblackbackgladflagshallman4)[e]字母组合eaea（ue,u,ie,ai,ei,ay）headbreadpleasureelephantelectricremembersellshelllessonbetterbeddeskhotelyesmanyany5)[ε:]字母组合irurearerorgirlshirtskirtthirtythirteenthirdbirdturnburnmurdernurseturtleThursdayburgerlearnearnearthheardtermhernerdserveworkwormworkworld6)[ε]字母组合erorouaroaeuteacherleaderrememberplayerspeakerfarmerpowderdoctoractormayorauthortractordeliciousgraciouspleasurefamiliarcollardollartogethertomorrowtodayshalloplessonWashingtoncontrolpolitearoundaccountagoelephantmantabananaCanadaJapanchinamenlistenfamulusSaturday7)[a:]字母组合aracarfarmcardarmgardenfastclasslastglassplantauntcalm8)[ʌ]发音字母uoouooupsupperlunchfungunhuntcupbuscomemotherdosebrotherloveabovetroubleroughflourishbloodflood9)[ɔ:]字母组合alorauourarsmallwalltalktallhallballcallwalkshortmorelordhorseforfortysportdoorfloorstoreauthorcaughtautumnfourmourncourtboughtwarmquarrelquarter10)[ɔ]([ɒ])发音字母oaouhotlostlotfoxboxmophoplosscollarnotwantwashwatch11)[u:]字母组合oooufoodmoonroomgloombroomdoomgoosetoothshoedotwotruetruthbluefullprude12)[u]字母组合ooouuolookgoodfootbookwoodshouldcouldputfullbullpullpushwomanwolf13)[ei]发音字母aayeaaieynamecakelategateplaneAprilplaysaymaywaygreatbreakrainpaintplaintheygrey14)[ai]发音字母iybikefinefinddieninelightnighthighmytryflyeye15)[au]字母组合ouowhouseoutflourgroundaccountcountsoundloudaroundmouseflowerdownnowcowhowtown16)[εu]发音字母oowoahomecoldgonophonehostghostknowlowbelowgrowblowshowflowboatcoatgoal17)[ɔɪ]字母组合oyoiboytoyjoyoilsoilvoicechoice18)[iε]字母组合eerearbeerdeerearnearherefierceidea19)[ɛə]([eə])字母组合earairerepearbearchairairfairtherewherecare20)[uε][auə]字母组合ourowerhourtourflowershower新新新旧旧旧英英英语语语国国国际际际音音音标标标对对对照照照表表表Vowels元音新i:ІEæЗ:əΛu:ʊɔ:旧i:iEæə:əΛu:uɔ:新ɒɑ:eIaIɔIəʊaʊIəeəʊə旧ɔɑ:eiaiɔiəuauiəεəuəConsonants辅音无变化pbTdkgfvszϑðMnŋlrhwj∫ʒt∫dʒtrdrtsdz牛津小学英语重点句型语法总结与分析2011三年级起点的人教版PEP教材在小学阶段共有8册书，其涉及的重要语法知识主要有7种：tobe句型、therebe句型、一般现在时句型、现在进行时句型、一般过去时句型、情态动词can引导的句型、begoingto句型等。现以5——8册书为例，简要分析如下：[一]tobe句型：用于介绍个人情况如姓名、健康状况、身份、国籍、家庭成员、朋友、职业等，描述地点、颜色、四季、日期、星期几等，该句型广泛分布于各册教材中，其中5——8册的句型主要有：1.Who’syourEnglishteacher?Mr.Carter.2.What’shelike?He’stallandstrong.3.Isshequiet?No,sheisn’t.Sheisveryactive.4.Isshestrict?Yes,sheis,butshe’sverykind.5.Whatdayisittoday?It’sWednesday.6.What’syourfavouritefruit/food…?7.They’resweet/sour/salty/healthy/…8.Whenisyourbirthday?It’sinMay.9.MybirthdayisinJune.UncleBill’sbirthdayisinJune,too.10.IsherbirthdayinJune?Yes,itis.11.What’sthedate?12.ThisisZhangPeng.13.Whereisthecinema,please?It’snexttothehospital.14.Howtallareyou？I’m164cmtall.15.Youareshorterthanme.16.You’re4cmtallerthanme.17.Howheavyareyou?I’m48kg.18.I’mthinnerthanyou,andshorter.19.What’sthematterwithyou?Mythroatissore.20.Howareyou,LiuYun/Sarah?[二]therebe句型：表示存在，即：“某处有某物”或“某时有某事”。句型基本结构为：Thereis+可数名词单数或不可数名词+时间或地点。Thereare+可数名词复数+地点。该句型主要分布在第5册的Unit5和Unit6中，如：1.Therearetwobedrooms,akitchen,abathroomandalivingroom.2.Thereisamirror,abedandabigcloset.3.Isthereaforestinthepark?Yes,thereis.4.Isthereariver?No,thereisn’t.5.Arethereanypandasinthemountains?No,therearen’t.6.Arethereanyfishintherivers?Yes,thereare.[三]一般现在时句型：表示习惯性的动作或行为，或现在存在着的状况。句型基本结构为：主语+行为动词+其他。当主语是第三人称单数时，要在动词原形后面加s或es，其他人称作主语时则用动词原形，在问句及否定句中需要用助动词do或does。这种句型通常有一些标志词，如：usuallyoftensometimesneveralways等。该句型主要分布在第5册Unit2&3，第6册Unit1&2,第7册Unit4,5,6,第8册Unit2中。如：Book5:1.WhatdoyouhaveonThursdays?WehaveEnglish,mathandscienceonThursdays.2.WhatdoyoudoonSaturdays?IwatchTVonSaturdays.3.Idomyhomework.4.WhatdoyouhaveforlunchonMondays?Wehavetomatoes,tofuandfish.5.Ilikefruit.ButIdon’tlikegrapes.Book6:1.Whendoyoueatdinner?Ieatdinnerat7:00intheevening.2.Whendoyougetup?Iusuallygetupat12:00noon.3.Whatdoyoudoontheweekend?UsuallyIwatchTVandgoshopping.4.SometimesIvisitmygrandparents.Ioftenplayfootball.SometimesIgohiking.5.Whichseasondoyoulikebest?Ilikewinterbest.6.Whydoyoulikesummer/winter?Book7:1.Howdoyougotoschool,Sarah?2.UsuallyIgotoschoolonfoot.SometimesIgobybike.3.Ilikecollectingstamps.Helikescollectingstamps,too.4.Doessheteachmath?Yes,shedoes.5.DoessheteachEnglish？No,shedoesn’t.Sheteachesmath.6.Whatdoesyourmotherdo?Whatdoesyourfatherdo?7.Wheredoesshework?Sheworksinacarcompany.8.Howdoesshegotowork?Shegoestoworkbybus.9.Wheredoestheraincomefrom?