小菜蛾越冬生物学特性研究

2010,36(2):90-93PlantProtection:2009-03-31:2009-07-29:(2006BAD08A03);()(200803001)*:,,**Email:[e-mail]*熊立钢,吴青君,王少丽,徐宝云,朱国仁,张友军**(,100081)研究了小菜蛾不同虫态的过冷却点,蛹的低温生存能力和越冬能力小菜蛾的过冷却现象比较明显,蛹期过冷却点最低(-20.12!),成虫次之(-16.56!),幼虫期高(平均为-13.72!),其中4龄幼虫过冷却点最高(-8.5!)表明在不同虫态中,蛹的抗低温能力最强在-10-50!和5!条件下,小菜蛾蛹的LT50LT90LT99.9随着温度的降低而缩短;蛹死亡99.9%需要的时间分别为10.2921.6827.7741.39d,表明在冬季温度连续低于0!时间超过28d的地区,小菜蛾不能越冬连续两年冬天的埋蛹试验结果,蛹在北京4个地点的越冬死亡率均为100%结合我国的气候区划分析,初步确定小菜蛾在北京地区野外不能越冬小菜蛾;越冬;过冷却点;低温生存能力;埋蛹法:S436.341.24:ADOI:10.3969/j.issn.0529-1542.2010.02.019Biologicalcharacteristicofoverwinteringinthediamondbackmoth,PlutellaxylostellaXiongLigang,WuQingjun,WangShaoli,XuBaoyun,ZhuGuoren,ZhangYoujun(InstituteofVegetablesandFlowers,ChineseAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Beijing100081,China)AbstractThesupercoolingpointsatdifferentstages,theabilityofcoldhardinessandoverwinteringofpupaeindiamondbackmoth,Plutellaxylostella,werestudied.TheresultsshowedthatthesupercoolingabilitiesvariedsignificantlyatdifferentdevelopmentalstagesofP.xylostella.Thelowestsupercoolingpointwasobservedinpupae,whichwas-20.12!,followedby-16.56!inadultsand-13.72!onaverageinlarvae.Thesupercoolingpointinthe4thinstarlarvaewasthehighest(-8.5!),suggestingthatthecoldtoleranceofpupaewasthestrongest.Thetimeof50%,90%and99.9%lethality(LT50,LT90,LT99.9)inpupaewasshortenedwiththetemperaturedecreased.Under-10!,-5!,0!and5!,theLT99.9was10.29d,21.68d,27.77dand41.39d,respectively,showingP.xylostellacouldnotpassthewinterwherethetemperatureisbelow0!formorethan28days.Theresultsfrompupaeburyingexperimentsin4differentareasinBeijingfortwoyearsshowedthattheoverwinteringmortalitywere100%.ItwasconcludedthatP.xylostellacouldn∀tpassthewinterintheopenfieldsinBeijing,fromtheanalysisincombinationwiththeclimaticzoninginChina.KeywordsPlutellaxylostella;overwinter;supercoolingpoints;coldhardinessinlowertemperature;pupaeburying[Plutellaxylostella(L.)],Chu[1],[1-5],,,[6],,[7],[8];[9-10];,,[11-16],362:,,,,411.120077(25#1)!,70%,L∃D=16h∃8h,,(4.5cm%10cm%30cm),,5%1.2,(TC20)(HeraeusVTSCH),,1!/min,-35!,,,,,,,,,1.3-10-50!5!4,-10!-5!(5!)2h,5cm,9cm,15,120,,,7,345(20#1)!,RH70%,L∃D=16h∃8h,1.4[17]4!1d,10%,40,3,,,,2cm(39&96∋N,116&33∋E)(40&23∋N,116&10∋E)(40&41∋N,115&90∋E)(39&60∋N,116&60∋E)2007123020081225,31225,(1.3)1.5Duncan[18-19],LT50LT90LT99.922.11,,(3.98!),(3.36!),2.96!,,12,,,,4,,-13.72!,,,,,11)//!/!116(-16.56#0.91)c(-13.08#0.79)c230(-15.68#0.80)bc(-11.81#0.73)bc327(-14.15#0.72)b(-10.42#0.80)b439(-8.50#0.50)a(-3.63#0.35)a112(-13.72#0.73)(-9.74#0.67)34(-20.12#0.47)d(-16.76#0.55)d34(-16.56#0.95)c(-13.60#0.95)c1)#,Duncan(p0.05)2.22,LT50LT90LT99.9(91(2010,-10-50!5!99.9%10.2921.6827.7741.39d,0!28d,21)/!(y=)LT50/dLT90/dLT99.9/d547.663x-5.792518.0437.1041.39020.399x+7.573917.7725.9327.77-522.018x-0.120610.8919.7021.68-109.4647x+0.91655.659.4310.291)LT50LT90LT99.950%,90%99.9%2.320074480,2008,(3),,20081225-2009225,480,3(2007,2008)//d//%2007123048020080301604801002008122548020090225604801003,4,4,,4,,,,,,4Hayakawa-14.3!,-19.2![20],-13.72!,-20.12!,,,[21]KenichiroHonda,,[4]Dosdall[22],7Dosdall,,6,AlbertaSaskatchewan,1994,[23],,,,,0!28d,10!35&,,39&,1&,1~2!,131-4!-8!,0!,,200720084,,,2080,[24],5,,,,[1]ChuYI.Themigrationofdiamondbackmoth[C]∃ProceedingsoftheFirstInternationalWorkshop.Taiwan:AVRDCPublication,1986.[2]ChapmanJW,ReynoldsDR,SmithAD,etal.HighaltitudemigrationofthediamondbackmothPlutellaxylostellatotheUK:astudyusingradar,aerialnetting,andgroundtrapping[J].EcologicalEntomology,2002,27:641-650.[3]CoulsonSJ,HodkinsonID,WebbNR,etal.Aerialcoloni(92(362:zationofhighArcticislandsbyinvertebrates:thediamondbackmothPlutellaxylostella(Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae)asapotentialindicatorspecies[J].DiversityandDistributions,2002,8:327-334.[4]HondaKI.HibernationandmigrationofdiamondbackmothinNorthernJapan[C]∃Proceedingsofthe2ndInternationalWorkshop.Taiwan:AVRDCPublication,1990.[5]HondaKI,MiyaharaY,KegasawaK.Seasonalabundanceandthepossibilityofspringimmigrationofthediamondbackmoth,Plutellaxylostella(Linnaeus)(Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae),inMoriokaCity,northernJapan[J].AppliedEntomologyandZoology,1992,27:517-525.[6],.[J].,2005,8:29-30.[7].()[M].:,2002:185.[8],.[J].,1995,17(2):27-31.[9],,,.[J].,2005(7):380-382.[10].[J].,2004(3):20.[11],,.[J].,2001(6):10-11.[12],,.[J].,2001,38(3):219-221.[13].[J].,2002(2):40-41.[14],.[J].,2001(5):34-37.[15],,.[J].,1991,9(4):41-48.[16].[J].,1996,96(2):15.[17],,,.[J].,2001,21(10):1575-1582.[18]EgerJE,WitzJA,HartstackAW,etal.SurvivalofpupaeofHeliothisvirecenesandHeliothiszea(Lepidoptera:Noctuidae)atlowtemperatures[J].CanadianEntomology,1982,114:289-301.[19]CasagrandeRA,HaynesDL.Apredictivemodelforcerealleafbeetlemortalityfromsubfreezingtemperatures[J].EnvironmentalEntomology,1976(5):761-769.[20]HayakawaH,TsutsuiH,GotoC.Asurveyofoverwinteringofthediamondbackmoth,PlutellaxylostellaLinne,intheTokachidistrictofHokkaido[J].AnnualReportofPlantProtectionNorthJapan,1988,39:27-228.[21]YamadaH,UmeyaK.Seasonalchangesinwinglengthandfecundityofthediamondbackmoth,Plutellaxylostella(L.)[J].JapaneseJournalofAppliedEntomologyandZoolog