brute-and-the-use-of-force

WorksofsomephysicianwritersContent•Abriefintroductiontosomephysicianwriters•WilliamsCarlosWilliamandtheUseofForce•RichardSelzerandBrute•ContrastandcomparisonbetweentheUseofForceandBrute•PhysicianwritersorwriterswithmedicalbackgroundPhysicianwritersorwriterswithmedicalbackground•RichardSelzer•LewisThomas•WilliamCarlosWilliams•OliverSacks•АntonChekhov•SirArthurIgnatiusConanDoyle•WilliamSomersetMaugham•鲁迅、郭沫若、余华、池莉、毕淑敏•渡边淳一•渡边淳一说：“我以前作医生，现在弃医从文，其实这两项工作都是研究人的，只是研究的角度不同方法不同，所谓医学是从生理上刨析人，而文学是从精神上研究人。用感性描写那些人们从常理上无法说清楚的东西•郑安泰医师在《艺术．人生．医学》的序言中说：•「医学是一门科学，亦为一门艺术。表露人生的各种艺术在涉及肉体和心灵的苦痛时，必然采用医学为题材；•而医生本身是一种以活生生的人作为其创作对象的艺术。」谈行医之道(OnDoctoring)出版年份:2001年(第三版)(1991年第一版，1995年第二版)Simon&Schuster(NewYork,London,Toronto,Sydney,Singapore)这是一本美国医学院学生几乎人人必读的好书，大部分的医学院在医学生新生入学时，校方都会赠送每个人这本书。这本书是RichardReynolds和JohnStone两位医生主编及LouisNixon和DeleseWear两位Ph.D副编一起收集的与生老病死有关的短篇小说、散文、以及诗歌。作者大部分是医生兼作家，但也有一些是非医生的作家，譬如马克吐温、海明威等，还有一些本身是念医学的，但从来没有行医，如毛姆(W.SomersetMaugham)、济慈(JohnKeats)等。汤姆斯医师于哈佛大学医学院最后一年在波士顿医院实习，看到一位罹患脑性疟疾的病人，因未能及时诊断出来，而及时给他奎宁，致使病人死去，造成严重的医疗疏失。他说「这段记忆一直在我脑海中盘旋：一大群身穿白袍的专家来来去去，争赌这个极为奇特的病症，血一抽再抽，讨论再讨论，最后却什么也没做。对哈佛人来说，这真是令人难过的一天。」。他语重心长地说「现在的医学越来越发达，但也渐渐失去了对病人的亲切，和温暖的抚触。如果我再做一个医学生或实习医师，才刚踏出行医的第一步，这将会是我最忧心的一点。我真正的工作应该是照顾病人，但现在我可能只顾机器，我必须好好想办法，不要让这种事发生。」。•Whydodoctorswritestories？•WriteasmanyreasonswhydoctorswritestoriesasyoucanWhydodoctorswritestories？•Group1•Group2•Group3•Group4•Group5•Herearesevenspecialreasons(rankedfrommostimportanttoleastimportant)whydoctorswrite:1.Therapy-Physicianshealthemselves.Nothingpromoteshealinglikewritingapoemorshortstoryorevenasingleglorioussentence.Writinghelpsadoctorgetthingsofftheirchestinamuchmoreproductivewaythanyellingatanurse,rantingatapatient,orbeinggrouchyathome.Poemsandstorieswrittenasaformoftherapyareeasytospot.Theyhaveaconfessionalquality.2.Exploration-Doctoringishard.Creativewritingisanopportunityforphysicianstomakesenseofwhattheydo.Storieswrittenforthepurposeofsearchingsometimeshavethemesthatfocusonmedicalethicsandboundaryissues.3.Sharing-Doctorscanpassalongknowledgeandexperiencebywritingincleverandvividways.Humorandcompassionprovokememorablemomentsinliterature.AperfectexampleisTheHouseofGodbySamuelShem.4.Joy-Writingisfun.Okay,maybenotalways-rewrites,editing,andtheevilwriters'block.Atsomelevel(thesparkthatbeginstheprojectorreadingthefinishedmanuscript),thereiseuphoria.Wouldyousettleforglee?5.Honor-Writingallowsphysiciansanopportunitytomemorializepatientsandcolleagues.Theseliteraryworksfeatureafictionalizedversionofacharacteroranamalgamationofafewpeople.Creativewritingcanimmortalizesomeone.P.S.:Doctor-narratorsalsoreapliterarylongevity.6.Atonement-Doctorsmakemistakes.Theysometimesbehavebadly.Theyhaveregrets.Storiesandpoemscanbepartoftheirpenance.ThinkBrutebyRichardSelzer.7.Notoriety-Let'snotlietoourselves.Whoamonguswouldnotwanttobearichandfamousauthor?Idon'tknowanydoctorswhowouldturndownaPulitzerPrize,NationalBookAward,oranappearanceonTheOprahWinfreyShow.Goodluckwiththat.TheUseofForceWilliamCarlosWilliamsWilliamCarlosWilliams•anAmericanpoet,writer•knownasaninnovator,arevolutionaryfigureinAmericanpoetry.•ChangedthefaceofAmericanpoetrywithhisemphasisoneverydaylifeandspeechandhisinsistenceon“noideasbutinthings”•closelyassociatedwithmodernismandImagism.•IntheUniversityofPennsylvania,wherehemetandbefriendedEzraPound•OpenYalecourses:Thepoetryispresentedandanalyzed•alsoapediatricianandgeneralpractitionerofmedicine,receivedhisMDfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniaSchoolofMedicine•workedharderatbeingawriterthanhedidatbeingaphysicianbutexcelledatboth•themostimportantliterarydoctorsinceChekov.”•Williams'deepsenseofhumanitypervadedbothhisworkinmedicineandhiswritings.Helovedbeingadoctor,makinghousecalls,andtalkingtopeople”•Williamslivedaremarkablyconventionallife.•AdoctorformorethanfortyyearsservingtheNewJerseytownofRutherford,hereliedonhispatients,theAmericaaroundhim,andhisownimaginationtocreateadistinctivelyAmericanverse.awardsandhonors•ThenationalBookAwardforpoetry•ThePulitzerPrize•Publicationdate:1938•Thestoryisnarratedinthefirstpersonbyadoctor,iswrittenwithouttheuseofquotationmarks•Synopsis?•Theme?Threetypesofquestionstoaskofliterature:•LevelOneQuestions:–Thesequestionscanbeansweredexplicitlybyfactscontainedinthetextorbyinformationaccessibleinotherresources.•LevelTwoQuestions:–Thesequestionsaretextuallyimplicit,requiringanalysisandinterpretationofspecificpartsofthetext.•LevelThreeQuestions:–Thesequestionsaremoreopen-endedandgobeyondthetext.Theyareintendedtoprovokeadiscussionofanabstractideaorissue.Questionsandreflections•Whatdoesitmeanwhenthenarratorsaid“Thechildwasfairlyeatingmeup….”(para.4)?•Whydidthedoctorsmileinhisbestprofessionalmanner?(para.12)Diditwork?•Thedoctorsays“…Ihadalreadyfalleninlovewiththesavagebrat,theparentswerecontemptibletome.”Whatdoeshemean?(para.22)•Neartheendofthebattle,thedoctorsays:“Butablindfury,afeelingofadultshame,bredofalongingformuscularreleasearetheoperatives.Onegoesontotheend.”Howdoyouinterprethismonologue?(para.32)•WhydoesWilliamschangefrom“I”(para.14)and“we”(para.12/19