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-1-EnglishRhetoricalDevices英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比,分类细,种类多。下面将英语中的修辞(部分)简单介绍如下:1.Simile明喻.【英释】Itisafigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Tomakethecomparison,wordslikeas,as...as,asifandlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.【汉释】明喻是一种表现一事物像另一事物的修辞格。说得通俗点,也就是打比方,即把要描述的事物——本体(A)用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物——喻体(B)联系起来。常用的比喻词有as(如),like(像),seem(似乎),asif(好像),asthrough(好像),suchas(像……一样)等。其基本格式是“AislikeB”或“Aisas……asB”。【例句】①Hewaslikeacockwhothoughtthesunhadrisentohearhimcrow.②Iwanderedlonelyasacloud.③Einsteinonlyhadablanketon,asifhehadjustwalkedoutofafairytale.④Myheartislikeasingingbird.⑤Omylove'slikeared,redrose.2.Metaphor暗喻,隐喻.【英释】Itislikeasimile,alsomakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements,butunlikeasimile,thiscomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated.【汉释】暗喻是本体和喻体同时出现,它们之间在形式上是相合的关系,说甲(本体)是(喻词)乙(喻体)。喻词常由:是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当,不用like或as等表示出来,而是进行隐藏的比较。暗喻又叫隐喻。【例句】①Hopeisagoodbreakfast,butitisabadsupper.②Somebooksaretobetasted,othersswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested.③Sheisawomanwithastonyheart.④MarkTwainisamirrorofAmerica.⑤Heisapig.3.Metonymy转喻,借喻.【英释】Itisafigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthemaneofonethingforthatofanother.【汉释】转喻是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似,但有密切关系时,可以利用这种关系,以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物,这样的一种修辞手段;或者说是一种一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法。转喻的重点不是在“相似”;而是在“联想”。转喻又称借喻、换喻,或借代。【例句】①Thekettleboils.水开了(用thekettle壶,表示thewaterinthekettle壶里的水)。②Theroomsatsilent.全屋人安静地坐着(用theroom房间,表示thepeopleintheroom房间里的人)。③Greyhairsshouldberespected.-2-老人应受到尊重(用greyhairs白发,表示oldpeople老人)。④Thepenismightierthanthesword.笔要比剑更锋利(用pen笔,表示article文章)。⑤IamreadingLuHsun.我在读鲁迅的作品(用LuHsun鲁迅,表示LuHsun'sworks鲁迅的作品)。4.Synecdoche提喻.【英释】Itisinvolvesthesubstitutionofthepartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart,etc.【汉释】提喻是用部分代替全(整)体,或用全(整)体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。【例句】①Thereareabout100handsworkinginhisfactory.[部分代替整体]他的厂里约有100名工人。②ItwasreportedthatChinawonthevolleyballmatch.[整体代替部分]椐报载:在这次排球赛中,中国队赢了。③HeistheNewtonofthiscentury.[特殊代替一般]他是本世纪的牛顿.5.Allegory讽喻,寓言.【英释】Anexpressivestylethatusesfictionalcharactersandeventstodescribesomesubjectbysuggestiveresemblances;anextendedmetaphor.【汉释】建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上(或以讲故事、寓言的形式),传达暗示,影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义;意为“换个方式的说法”。它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事。【例句】①Makethehaywhilethesunshines.表层含义:趁着出太阳的时候晒草。真正意味:趁热打铁。②It'stimetoturnploughintosword.表层含义:是时候把犁变成剑。真正意味:时机成熟了。6.Personification拟人.【英释】Itgiveshumanformoffeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributesto(赋予)inanimate(无生命的)objects,ortoideasandabstractions(抽象的事物).【汉释】拟人是指把物(包括物体、动物、思想或抽象概念等)拟作人,使其具有人的外表、个性或情感的一种修辞手段。拟人可以通过形容词、动词、名词等表现出来。【例句】①Thenightgentlylaysherhandatourfeveredheads.[把夜拟人化]②Iwasveryhappyandcouldhearthebirdssinginginthewoods.[把鸟拟人化]③Didyouseetheangerofthetempest?你看到暴风雨的愤怒了吗?④Thirstysoildrankintherain.饥渴的土壤在雨中畅饮。⑤Theyear1871witnessedtheheroicuprisingoftheParisCommune.1871年目睹了(爆发了)英勇的巴黎公社起义。-3-7.Parody仿拟,模仿.【英释】Parodyisafigureofspeechinvolvingtheimitationofsomefamouswriterorpartsofcertainwell-knownworks,ortheexistingidiomstoexpressakindofnewidea.【汉释】仿拟是英语语言学分支修辞学的重要修辞手法之一。这是一种巧妙、机智、而有趣的修辞格。它有意仿照人们熟知的现成的语言材料,根据表达的需要临时创造出(改变成)新的语、句、篇来,以使语言生动活泼,或讽刺嘲弄,或幽默诙谐,妙趣昂然。在运用时所仿拟的一般是人们所熟知的语言材料,如成语、谚语、明言、警句等。【例句】①Romewasnotbuiltinaday,norinayear.②Afriendinneedisafriendtobeavoided.③Ifyougiveagirlaninchnowadaysshewillmakeaddressofit.④Wherethereisawill,thereisalawsuit.有遗嘱必有官司。⑤ToLieorNotToLie,thatisaquestion.[Shakespeare:Tobeornottobe,thatisaquestion.]8.Parallelism排比,平行.【英释】Similarityofstructureinapairorseriesofrelatedwords,phrases,clauses,sen-Tence,part,etc.【汉释】排比是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语、句子等排列成串,形成一个整体,用来加强语势强调内容、加重感情的修辞方式。【例句】①Noonecanbeperfectlyfreetillallarefree;noonecanbeperfectlymoraltillallaremoral;noonecanbeperfectlyhappytillallarehappy.②Inthedayswhenallthesethingsaretobeansweredfor,Isummonyouandyours,tothelastofyourbadrace,toanswerforthem.Inthedayswhenallthesethingsaretobeansweredfor,Isummonyourbrother,theworstofyourbadrace,toanswerforthemseparately.③Perchareinexpensive;codarecheap;troutareabundant;butsalmonarebest.9.Antithesis对偶,对照,对比.【英释】Itisthedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveemphasis.【汉释】用两个结构相似、意义相近或相反的词组或句子来表达相关、相近或相反意思的一种修辞方式叫对偶。【例句】①NotthatIlovedCaeserlessbutthatIlovedRomemoremore.②Youarestaying;Iamgoing.③Givemeliberty,orgivemedeath.④Speechissilver;silenceisgolden.10.Rhetoricalquestion修辞性疑问句,反问.【英释】Astatementthatisformulatedasaquestionbutthatisnotsupposedtobeanswered.【汉释】修辞性疑问句与单纯的疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定,它的答案往往是不言而喻的。【例句】①Howwasitpossibletowalkforanhourthroughthewoodsandseenothingworthofnote?②Shallweallowthoseuntruthstogounanswered?-4-11.OverstatementandUnderstatement夸张和淡化.⑴.Overstatement夸张,言过其实,夸大的叙述.[=Hyperbole]【英释】Itisthedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis.【汉释】夸张法是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果,而有意识的使用言过其实的词语的一种修辞手段。夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实,而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。夸张法既用在日常会话中,也用在文学作品中。【例句】①Ibegathousandpardons.②Healmostdiedlaughing.③Loveyou.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestars.④Whensheheardthebadnews,ariveroftearspouredo
本文标题:EnglishRhetorical英语中常用的修辞手法
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