Grammar动词的ing形式作定语表语和宾语补足语

1Grammar动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、作定语：动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用：1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，这时，一般是单个v.-ing而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。可以转换成“for+v.-ing”短语修饰该名词。这时的v.-ing是动名词。e.g.asleepingbag=abagforsleeping睡袋areadingroom=aroomforreading阅览室adrinkingcup=acupfordrinking饮用杯awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台awashingmachine洗衣机aswimmingpool游泳池adancinghall舞厅2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。这时的v.-ing是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句。e.g.asleepingboy=aboywhoissleepingadrinkinghorse=ahorsewhichisdrinkingamovingstory=astorywhichmovespeopleaterrifyingsound=asoundwhichterrifiespeopleaninspiringleader=aleaderwhoinspirespeople现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。常可转换成定语从句。e.g.Thegirlswimmingintheriver(whoisswimmingintheriver)isgoodatdancing.Doyouknowthemanstanding/(whoisstanding)atthedoor?Theboystudying/(whoisstudying)intheclassroomisourmonitor.＊作定语用的v.-ing是动名词还是现在分词并不重要。重要的是要掌握v.-ing做定语的用法。实际上，当代一些著名语法专家已把动名词和现在分词统称为v.-ing分词而不予细分了。二、作表语：动词的-ing形式作表语时起下列作用：1.说明主语的内容，可换到句首做主语。这时的v-ing形式是动名词。e.g.Therealproblemisgettingtoknowtheneedsofpeople.Herjobisteachingchildrentodance.=Teachingchildrentodanceisherjob.2.说明主语的特征。这时的v.-ing形式是现在分词。它与主语是逻辑上的主动关系，意思是“使人......的”e.g.Thesituationisencouraging.Whathesaidjustnowisconfusing.(confuse).2Thenewsisshocking.(shock).能这样用的现在分词最常见的还有：astonishing,amusing,confusing,disappointing,boring,encouraging,inspiring,moving,tiring,interesting,surprising,charming,exciting,missing,puzzling,frightening...三、作宾语补足语：动词的-v.-ing形式能跟在宾语后面，对其作补充说明，因此称为宾语补足语，通常简称为“宾补”。1.这时的v.-ing形式是现在分词，它与宾语是逻辑上的主动关系。e.g.WhenIarrivedatthereadingroom,Ifoundmanystudentsreadingcarefullythere.ChildrenliketowatchthePLAmentraining(train)onthedrill-ground.Don’tyouseeagirlrunning(run)towardsus?2.动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，主要用于以下两类动词后：表示感觉和心理状态的动词：see,hear,feel,smell,watch,find,listento,notice,observe等。e.g.Whenwereturned,wefoundastrangerstandinginfrontofthehouse.Suddenlyweheardsomeoneknockinggentlyonthewindow.＊在see,hear,feel,watch等感官动词后，既可用动词的-ing形式作宾补，也可以用省略to的不定式作宾补。用动词的-ing形式时，表示动作正在进行；用省略to的不定式时，表示动作从开始到结束的全过程。e.g.Isawaboygettingonthebus.(表示动作正在进行)Isawaboygetonthebus.（表示动作的完成了）Doyouhearsomeoneknocking(knock)atthedoor?(表示动作正在进行)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(表示完整的动作)表示使意义的使役动词：(have,let,keep,get,leave...)+sb./sth.+doingsth.e.g.Wekeptthefireburningallnightlong.Iwon’thaveyourunningaboutintheroom.[语法专练]I.句型转换1.Doyouknowtheboywholiesunderthetree?.Doyouknowtheboylyingunderthetree?2.Thepicturethathangsonthewallispaintedbymynephew..Thepicturehangingonthewallispaintedbymynephew.3.Wecanseethatsteamisrisingfromthewetclothes..Wecanseesteamrisingfromthewetclothes.4.NotuntilJanegotoffthebusdidshefindherwalletwasmissing..NotuntilJanegotoffthebusdidshefindherwalletmissing.35.Frankisverygoodattellingfunnyjokes.Weareamusedbyhim..Frankisverygoodattellingfunnyjokes.Hecanbeveryamusing.II.用括号所给词的正确形式填空。1.Doyouknowthenameoftheplaybeingputon(puton)now?2.Herjobiskeeping(keep)thelecturehallascleanaspossible.3.Returning(return)tomyapartment,Ifoundmybagmissing.(miss).4.Didyouhearthedogdownstairsbarking(bark)formostofthenight?5.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmoking(smoke)inthekitchen.6.Helenhadtoshouttomake(make)herselfheard(hear)abovethesoundofthemusic.7.Thebellindicating(indicate)theendoftheperiodrang,interrupting(interrupt)ourheateddiscussion8.Thevolleyballmatchwassoexciting(excite)thatweallgotexcited(excite)afterwatchingit.9.Weheardthenquarreling(quarrel)aboutmoneyaftertheconcert.Theylookedveryangry.10.Thevillagerssawthefireburning(burn)brightlyinthedistance.Whentheyhurriedthere,theyfoundsomehousesburned/burnt(burn)tothegroundalready.11.Idon’tseeanyonetake(take)awayyourpaper.Itmighthavebeenflownbythewind.12.Duringthedaystocome(come)we’llmakefoodpreparationsforthesportsmeeting,13.Einsteinwasonofthegreatestscientistrespected(respect)bythepeople.14.Wewereallverysurprised(surprise)atthenews.Ifounditverysurprising.15.Hegaveusaninspiring(inspire)speech.Wewereallinspired(inspire).III.单句改错1.Iwasconfusingbyhisstrangequestions.confused2.Thedishsmeltgoodwascookedbymymother.Smelling3.Theboywenthome,sadwithhismoneystealing.stolen4.Hewassothirstythathedrankalotofboilingwater.boiled5.Lookingathisexcitinglook,Iknewhehadn’tcalmedhimselfdown.excited6.IamlookingforwardtovisitCharlieChaplinMuseuminSwitzerlandnextweek.visiting7.Charlie’snonverbalhumoroftenmakespeopleburstingwithlaughter.burst