M 6_U2_Grammar and usage教案

Book6_教案_U1_Grammar_4-7第1页共19页2010-12-16M6Unit2WhatishappinesstoyouPeriod6GrammarandusagesTeachingaims:Afterthisclass,thestudentswillbeableto1.tellthedifferencesbetween“todo”,“doing”anddoneasanadv;2.expresstheiropinionsusingtheverbforms;3.usenon-finiteinexercisescorrectly.Teachingprocedures:Step1Revison(PPT4-5)英语中，修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语（adverbial)。状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或句中。Iwantthebagbadly.Heisplayingunderthetree.Igotoschooleverymorning.Theflightwasdelayedbecauseoftheweather.Hewonthecompetitionbypractisingalot.Step2Explanation(PPT6-15)一：todoasanadv.不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。(2005年辽宁卷22题)Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately_____intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivingD.soastobereceivedTip1:soasto(不能放句首),to,inorderto作目的状语可以放在句首或句中。Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.A.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefoundTip2:在so…asto,such…asto,onlyto…结构中不定式作结果状语，其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的结果。Book6_教案_U1_Grammar_4-7第2页共19页2010-12-16Tip3:enoughto,too…to结构Theboyisn’toldenoughtogotoschool.=Theboyistooyoungtogotoschool.Tip4:形容词（glad,happy,lucky,fortunate,surprised,angry,anxious,ready,quick,slow,cruel,clever等）+不定式结构作原因状语。I’mgladtomeetyouSimonmadeabigbamboobox_____thelittlesickbirdtillitcouldfly.(2011四川)A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep解析：根据句意可知，西蒙做竹盒子的目的是养这只病弱的小鸟，所以用不定式作目的状语，故答案为D。Thatistheonlywaywecanimagine____theoveruseofwaterinstudents'bathrooms.（2010上海）A.reducingB.toreduceC.reducedD.reduce答案：B解析：此处应该用不定式thewaytodosth.表示“做……的途径、方式”。WithFather’sDayaroundthecorner,Ihavetakensomemoneyoutofthebank_____presentsformydad.(2010全国Ⅰ)A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.tohavebought答案：B解答：题干中空格划在名词后，但是空格后的部分不是对bank解释说明，而是说明取钱的目的，因此此题中非谓语动词做目的状语，非谓语动词中不定式做状语用来表示目的，因此选择B。Wewereastonished_______thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.（2010辽宁）A.findingB.tofindC.findD.tobefound答案：B解析：考查非谓语动词。beastonished后应该跟动词不定式做状语。二：doingasanadv.（PPT16-26)现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语相同；如果不相同，分词前必须加上自己的主语，这种结构被称为独立主格结构。Timepermitting,Iwillstayforanotherweek.=Iftimepermits,Iwillstayforanotherweek.1.作伴随状语动词stand,sit和lie加现在分词作伴随状语，表示两个动作同时发生。Wesattheretalkingtoeachother.Thepoormansatbytheroad,begging.[高考真题]Book6_教案_U1_Grammar_4-7第3页共19页2010-12-162.作方式状语，表示方式。Americansliketravelling,drivingtheircars.Theyoftencommunicatewitheachother,usingEnglish.3.作时间状语，相当于状语从句。现在分词可表示动作同时发生或进行，而现在分词的完成时可表示动作的先后顺序，表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。Seeingthebigsnake,thegirlwasalmostfrightenedtodeath.=Whenshesawthebigsnake,thegirlwasalmostfrightenedtodeath.Havingwaitedinthelineforhalfanhour,hesuddenlyrealizedthathelefthiswalletathome.=Afterhewaitedinthelineforhalfanhour,hesuddenlyrealizedthathelefthiswalletathome.有时表示时间的分词短语可由连接词when,while,once,until,whenever等引出。Whilereadingthenovel,henoddedfromtimetotime.4.作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句Beingastudent,Imustworkhard.=BecauseIamastudent,Imustworkhard.Notknowingwhattodonext,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.=Becausehedidn’tknowwhattodonext,heturnedtotheteacherforhelp.5.作结果状语Bothhisparentsdiedinthewar,leavinghimaloneintheworld.Thefishcaneatapersonintwominutes,leavingonlythebones.6.作条件状语Workinghard,youwillsucceedoneday.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillsucceedoneday.Puttingmoresaltintothesoup,youwillfinditmoredelicious.Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,______nothingabouttheargument.(2011全国II)A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying解析：saying与主句的主语Sarah在逻辑上是主谓关系，在句中作伴随状语。Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyoufeet.（2011北京）A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept解析：用现在分词表示一种条件，keep的动作是You发出的，二者之间没有动作的先后，所以不能用havingkept。故答案是B。Doyouwakeupeverymorning______energeticandreadytostartanewday?(2011湖南)A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt解析：分析句子结构可知，此处为分词短语作为伴随状语，再根据主语you和feel的主动关系可知此处用现在分词短语，故正确答案为C。[高考真题]Book6_教案_U1_Grammar_4-7第4页共19页2010-12-16Dina,formonthstofindajobasawaitress,finallytookapositionatalocaladvertisingagency.（2010湖南）A.strugglingB.struggledC.havingstruggledD.tostruggle解析：该空，分词短语作时间状语，其逻辑主语Dina与struggle为主动关系，故排除B项。由句中的finally可知非谓语动词表示的动作发生在句中谓语tookaposition之前，故用现在分词的完成主动式C。三：doneasanadv(ppt29--37）过去分词作状语过去分词（短语）可以作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，意义上相当于状语从句（而且可以跟状语从句相互转换），表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。如：1.时间状语1).Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Whentheparkisseenfromthehill,itlooksverybeautiful.2).Whencompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.Whenitiscompleted,themuseumwillbeopentothepublic.3).Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.Onceitisseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.2.原因状语1).Frightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.Becauseshewasfrightenedbythethunderandlightninginthenight,thegirldidnotdaresleepaloneinherownroom.2).Lostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.Becausehewaslostinthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.3.条件状语1).Givenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,wecoulddoitmuchbetter.2).Unlessinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.Unlessyouareinvitedtospeak,youshouldremainsilentattheconference.3).Comparedwithotherprofessors,shewasanexcellentspeaker.(=Ifshewascomparedwithotherprofessors...)注意:作状语的过去分词其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的；过去分