初中英语的不定式和动名词(整理版)

1初中不定式和动名词一、动词不定式：构成：to+动词原形1.下列动词只能接不定式作：want想要,agree同意,choose选择,decide决定,expect期望,hope希望,earn学会,need必要,offer提供,prefer宁愿,+todopromise保证,plan计划refuse拒绝,wish希望,wouldlike想要2.下列动词只能接动名词（即动词+ing）Enjoy;mind;practice;finish；suggest;deny;admit;keep;spend;feellike+doingsth.enjoydoingsth.,喜欢做某事minddoingsth.介意做某事,practicedoingsth.练习做某事finishdoingsth.做完某事feellikedoingsth.想要做某事keepdoingsth.坚持做某事havefundoingsth.尽情做某事suggestdoingsth.建议做某事denydoingsth.否认做某事admitdoingsth.承认做某事be/getusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事lookforwardtodoingsth.盼望做某事spend…(in)doingsth.花费时间做某事can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁做某事bebusydoingsth忙于做某事beworthdoingsth值得做某事preferdoingsth.todoingsth与…相比更喜欢做某事payattentiontodoingsth.注意做某事3．有些动词后面既可接不定式，也可接动名词，意思相同。如：begin/starttodosth.=begin/startdoingsth开始做某事,like/lovetodosth=like/lovedoingsth.喜欢做某事;hatetodosth.=hatedoingsth.憎恨做某事4.有些动词后接不定式或名词时，意思不同。如：1）rememberdoingsth.记得作过某事（某事已做过）remembertososth.记住去做某事（某事还没做）2）forgetdoingsth.忘了作过某事（某事已做过）forgettodosth.忘了去做某事（某事还没做）3）trytodosth.=doone’sbesttodosth.尽力去做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事4）stopdoingsth.停止做某事（停止正在做的事）stoptodosth.停下来做某事（停止的事去做另外的事）5）goondoingsth.继续做某事（同一件事）goontodosth.接着去做某事（不同的事）5.下列动词跟动词不定式充当宾语补足语：vt.+sb.todosth.vt.+sb.+nottodosth.Want/ask/tell/order/allow/wish/beg/advise/call/invite+sb.todosth.Shetoldmetobuyaticket.她让我去买张票Mymotheroftentellsmenottogooutatnight.6.help后的不定式可带to,也可不带toTheteachershelpedthestudents(to)learnEnglishwell.那些老师帮助学生学好英语。Heoftenhelpshismother(to)tidyuptheroom.他经常帮助他妈妈整理房间。27.动词不定式省to的情况一感feel二听hear,listento+sb.dosth.三使have,let,make四看see,watch,lookat,notice常考短语：hear/see/make/letsb.dosth.被动语态：Sb.beheard/seen/made/lettodosth.（变成被动语态时补回to）Ioftenseehimhelpothers.Heisoftenseentohelpotherbyme.二、动词不定式的句式：1..动词不定式作主语，主语较长时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句。It+is/was+adj.+(forsb.)+todosth.TolearnEnglishwellisuseful.=It’susefultolearnEnglishwell.学好英语是有用的。Toprotectenvironmentisimportantforus.=It’simportantforustoprotectenvironment.对于我们来说保护环境是很重要的。2.Itis/was+adj.(kind/good/nice/clever)+ofsb.+todosth.It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.=Youareverykindtohelpme你帮助我真是太好啦。It’sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.=Youareclevertodolikethat你那样做真的太聪明啦。这个句型的形容词为表示人的品格，气质之类的词。可以等于句型：sb.is/was+adj.+todosth.3.Ittakes(took,willtake)sb.sometimetodosomething.(做某事花费某人…时间)4..主语+find/think+it+形容词+(forsb.)+todoIfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.我发现每天读英语和容易的。Hefeltithardtosleep.他觉得很难入睡。IthinkitveryinterestingtolearnEnglish.我认为学英语很有趣。Wefounditimpossibletocrosstheriver.我们发现过河是不可能的。5.不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责或性质”等Herjobistocleanthehall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。Mydreamistobeateacher.我的梦想是当一名教师。6.不定式作状语的用法Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.（表目的）他日夜工作来赚钱。Heistooyoungtogotoschool.（表结果）他太小以致不能上学。Theywereverysadtohearthenews.（表原因）听到这个消息他们非常伤心。Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.（表程度）这个问题对他来说太容易回答了。7.动词不定式可以和疑问词who,what,which,when,how,where(why除外)等连用，构成不定式短语。Canyoutellmehowtogettothepostoffice?Ididn’tknowwhattodonext.HowtolearnEnglishwellisthequestionthatweallwanttoask.Thequestioniswhentogetthere.Whattodo与howtodo的区别:Idon’tknowwhattodonext?我不知道下一步该做什么。(Whattodo后没有sth.)Idon’tknowhowtousethismachine.我不知道怎么样使用这部机器（howtodo+sth.）3三、动名词（动词+ing）作用相当于名词。（可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语）1.Readingisanart.读书是一种艺术。（作主语）2.Yourtaskiscleaningthewindows.你的任务就是擦窗户。（作表语）3.Helikesswimming.（作宾语）4.awashingmachine洗衣机，areadingroom阅览室（作定语）4非谓语动词（不定式和动名词）专练（）1.Mothertoldhersoninthestreet.A.notplayB.tonotplayC.doesn’tplayD.nottoplay()2.Hiswishwasascientist.A.tobecomesB.becomesC.becomeD.tobecome()3.It’sraininghard.You’dbetter.A.gooutB.notgooutC.nottogooutD.tonotout()4.Doyouknowwashingmachine?A.wheretogetB.towheretogetC.wheregetD.towhereget()5.Thestudentsdon’tknownext.A.howtoB.whattodoC.whatdoD.dowhat()6.WouldyoumindmehowEnglishwords?A.telling,torememberB.telling,rememberC.tell,torememberD.tell,remember()7.Mr.Brownaskedustostop,andwestoppedhimatonce.A.talking,tolistentoB.totalk,tolistenC.talking,listeningD.talk,listen()8.--Whatareyougoingtobeafteryoufinishcollege?--I’mgoingtobeasinger,butmyparentsmetobeadoctor.A.hopeB.wantC.makeD.let()9.--IsawBettygotoGrandpaZhang’shomejustnow.--Yes,sheisoftenseentheoldmanwithhishousework.A.helpB.tohelpC.helpsD.helped()10.---Doyouneedtogettherebeforeten?---No,I.A.don’thavetoB.don’tneedC.can’tD.mustn’t()12.Aftershefinishedtheletter,shewenttobed.A.towriteB.writingC.writtenD.wrote()13.Itwasverylateatnight,hestillwenton.A.worksB.workedC.workingD.work()14.--Haveyoufinishthebook?--Notyet.I’lltryittoyoubeforeFriday.A.reading,returning,B.toread,toreturnC.reading,toreturn,D.toread,returning()15.Theoldmanisstrongenough.Heprefersto.A.walking,ridingB.walk,rideC.towalk,rideD.walking,ride()16.Ihavequiteafewpeople.A.takecareofB.totakecareofC.totakecareD.takecare()17.Iusuallyforgetthedoor,butIremembereditwhenIleftyesterday.A.closing,closingB.toclose,tocloseC.toclose,closingD.closing,toclose()18.I’mmadethirstybythestrangething.A.feelB.feelingC.tofeelD.felt5()20.I’msorryyourfriendisill.A.hearB.tohearC.listenD.tolisten()21.---WillyoupleasetellJohntocometomyoffice?---.A.Yes,IdoB.I’llbegladC.ThankyouD.I’llbegladto()22.Haveyoureadthebook?It’sworth.A.readB.toreadC.readingD.toreading()23.Thisbox