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说明:形容词在中考中占总分值的8%左右;副词在中考中占总分值的10%左右,尤其频度副词和否定副词在中考中更是重点和热点。形容词和副词通常出现在以下几种题型中:1、用所给词的适当形式填空;2、单项选择;3.单词拼写4、选词填空中考英语专项复习形容词和副词用以修饰名词,表示事物的特征的词。e.g.long,empty,cheap,hungry,在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语等成分.Heisagoodstudent.Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every-构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些不定代词的之后.Isthereanythinginterestingintoday’snewspaper?Thetreesturngreeninspring.Wearealoneontheisland.只能作表语,不能作定语的形容词你能说出几个?aloneafraidawakeasleepaliveable形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语.Wemustkeeptheclassroomclean.Hemadeushappy.Colouritgreen.与表示度量、空间的词语连用时,形容词要放在它所修饰的词语后面。如:1)Heissixtyyearsold.他60岁了。2)Thisclassroomisabout12meterslong,6meterswideand3metershigh.这一间教室大约12米长,6米宽,3米高。当名词前有多个形容词修饰时,一般按下列词序排列:限定词(定冠词、指示代词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、数词)描述性的形容词(如:interesting,fine,beautiful,happy等)表示大小、长短、高低及形状的形容词(如:big/small,long/short/tall,high/low,round等)表示年龄、新旧的形容词(如:young,old,new等)表示颜色的形容词(如:white,black,yellow等)表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词(如:American,French等)表示物质、材料的词(如:stone,plastic,silk,wooden等)。说明:不论在书面语,还是在口语中,作定语的形容词超过三个以上时,便会使句子显得很不自然。因此,上面所列的排列顺序,不可能同时出现在同一个名词短语中。例如:awhitecottonshirt一件白棉布衬衫anewwoodenbridge一座新木桥thattallfatyoungman那个高大粗壮的年轻人形容词的构成通常有:forget—forgetfulhelp—helpfulwonder—wonderfuluse—usefulcare—carefulbeauty—beautifulthank-thankfulcolour----colourful1、+ful2、+edexcite—excitedworry—worriedsurprise—surprisedclose—closedfeather—featheredinterest—interestedfrighten—frightened3、+inginterest—interestingexcite—excitingsurprise—surprisingfollow—followingsun—sunnysnow—snowywind—windyrain-rainycloud—cloudyhealth—healthy4、+y所有表示天气状况的的形容词wool-woollenwood--wooden5、+en6、+ern(东西南北)east--easternwest--westernsouth-southernnorth--northern副词在形容词的基础上变化+ly1、直接在词尾加ly2、以辅音字母加y结尾的变i加ly形容词有三个等级:①原级;②比较级;③最高级。词尾变化原级比较最高单音节词在词尾加-er或-est以字母e接尾的词加-r或-sttallhardlargewide以重读闭音节结尾的词末尾只有一个辅音字母应双写辅音字母再加er或estbighotthinfatwet以辅音字母+y结尾的词变为i再加-er,或-esthappydryearlynarrowclever多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面加more和mostdifficultpopulartallerharderlargerwidertallesthardestlargestwidestbiggerhotterfatterwetterbiggesthottestfattestwettesthappierdrierearlierhappiestdriestearliestnarrowercleverernarrowestcleverestmoredifficultmorepopularmoreslowlymostdifficultmostpopularmostslowly少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词可加-er或-est原级goodwellbadillmanymuchlittlefarold比较级最高级betterbestworseworstlessmoremostfarther/furtherolder/elderleastfarthest/furthestoldest/eldest巧记:特殊形式比较级共有三对二合一坏病两多并两好little意思不是小一分为二有两个一是老来二是远但有少数几个形容词无比较级和最高级。如:excellent,wonderful,favorite等。比较级前有时有一个表示程度的词或短语。常见有:alittle,much,alot,still,even,some,any,far等。例如:1)Myshirtismuchcheaperthanyours.我的衬衫比你的便宜。2)Lesson3isverydifficult,butLesson5isevenmoredifficult.第3课很难,但是第5课更难。注意:①在含有形容词的比较级句子中,对两个相比较的内容为了避免重复,我们常常用that,those来代替前面的词。例如:TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangdong.Thewindowsofourclassroomarecleanerthanthoseoftheirs.TomisastallasMike.as+形容词原形+asThereareasmanystudentsinourschoolasyours.否定notas+形容词原形+as“和…不一样”或notso+形容词原形+as“不及/不如…TomisnotastallasMike.Thistruckisbigenoughtocarry5tons.so+形容词原级+that丛句such+名词+that丛句Heissobigthathecan’tentertheroombythedoor.…too+原级+todosth.Heistooyoungtojointhearmy.形容词原级+enoughtodosth.1、两者之间的比较,句中有明显的标志词thanTomistallerthanJohn2、Which/Whois+比较级,AorB?Whichiseasier,mathsorEnglish?3、能修饰比较级的副词及短:much(…的多)、alot(…的多)、even(更…)、still(更…)、abit/alittle(…一点儿)ThiscityismuchmorebeautifulthanthatoneTodayisevenhotterthanyesterday.4、…isthe+比较级+ofthetwo.Tomisthetallerofthetwoboys.5、…数量+比较级than…Heisthreeyearsolderthanhisbrother.6、比较级+and+比较级,“越来越…”Nowitishotterandhotter.现在越来越热7、The+比较级…,the+比较级…“越…,就越…”Themore,thebetter.越多越好。1.…oneofthe+最高级+名词复数2.…最高级+of(in)…(三者及以上范围的)3.Thisis/wasthe最高级+名词+that定语从句LuXunisoneofthegreatestwritersinChina.ThisistheworstfilmthatIhaveseentheseyears.Ofallthemoviestars,IthinkZhaoWeiisthebest.5.、the+序数词+最高级+名词+in/of4.Which/Whoisthe+最高级,A,BorC?Whichisthebiggest,themoon,theearthorthesun?TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina注意:①最高级前可以有序数词来修饰。例如:Whichisthefirstmostusefulinvention?哪一个是第一个最有用途的发明?②如果形容词最高级前有物主代词,指示代词,名词所有格时,则不必加定冠词the。例如:Yesterdaywasmybusiestday.昨天是我最忙碌的一天。用来修饰动词、形容词、其它副词、全句或名词词组及句子的词。e.g.very,early,out,soon,quickly,等等.副词根据所表达的不同意义可将其分为以下几种:1、时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,early,today,already,soon,ago,yesterday等.2、地点副词:here,there,everywhere,out,in,home,upstairs,above,below,inside等.3、方式副词:carefully,politely,fast,well,extremely,anxiously等.4、程度副词:much,little,very,rather,too,rather,almost,so等.5、疑问副词:how,where,when,why(放在特殊疑问句前)6、关系副词:when,where,why(通常引导宾语从句)7、连接副词:how,when,where,why,whether(通常引导定语从句)副词的比较等级构成和用法副词的比较等级构成。有三个等级:①原级;②比较级;③最高级。单音节词和少数双音节词构成方法原级比较级最高级一般在词尾加-er或-estfasthardlongsoonfasterharderlongersoonerfastesthardestlongestsoonest以字母e结尾的副词,加-r或-stlatelaterlatest以“辅音字母+y”结尾的副词,先把y变为i,再加-er或-estearlyearlierearliest不规则变化原级比较级最高级wellbadlymuchlittlefarbetterworsemorelessfarther较远(表示距离)further较远,进一步(表示程度)bestworstmostleastfarthestfurthest副词的比较级和最高级的构成和形容词的比较级和最高级的构成基本相同.e.g.形容记的最高级前要用定冠词the,副词的最高级前可用可不用定冠词the.MountQomolangmaisthehighestintheworld.Jimjumped(the)highestoftheall.fast-faster-fastestslowly-moreslowly–mostslowly注意:1、副词very可以修饰形容词、副词,但不能修饰动词。例如:Thisflowerisverybeautiful.IlikeEnglishverymuch.(但不
本文标题:人教版初三英语形容词和副词专项
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