B8unit4pygmalion

Unit4PygmalionPygmalionPygmalion:PygmalionwasthekingofCyprus(塞浦路斯).Hesawsomuchtoblameinwomenthathebecameatlasttoabhorsex,andresolvedtoliveunmarried.Hewasasculptor,andhadmadeastatueofivorywithwonderfulskill,sobeautifulthatnolivingwomencameanywherenearit.Pygmalionadmiredhisownwork,andatlastfellinlovewiththecounterfeitcreation.HeaskedGreekGoddesstobringhertolife,anditwasgranted.PygmalionEffect（皮革马利翁效应）ThePygmalionEffectisthatpeopletendtobehaveasyouexpecttheywill.Ifyouexpectapersontotakeresponsibility,theyprobablywill.Ifyouexpectthemnottoeventry,theyprobablywon’t.GeorgeBernardShaw(1856～1950)Irishdramatist,literarycritic,asocialistspokesman,andaleadingfigureinthe20thcenturytheater.Shawwasafreethinker,defenderofwomen'srights,andadvocateofequalityofincome.In1925hewasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiterature.Shawacceptedthehonorbutrefusedthemoney.Biography:•GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)wasborninDublin,thesonofacivilservant.GeorgeBernardShawwasborninDublin,wherehegrewupinsomethingclosetogenteel(文雅的，上流社会的)poverty.•Hiseducationwasirregular,duetohisdislikeofanyorganizedtraining.Afterworkinginanestateagent’sofficeforawhilehemovedtoLondonasayoungman(1876),whereheestablishedhimselfasaleadingmusicandtheatrecriticinthe80sand90sandbecameawell-knownmemberoftheFabianSociety(费边社),forwhichhecomposedmanypamphlets.TheFabians(asmembersofthesocietycametobecalled)stressedthatsocialdemocracywouldcomenotthroughrevolutionandviolenceasMarxtheorizedbutratherfromslowandsteadydemocraticmovement.•Inthenineties,Shawturnedtothetheatre,firstworkingasadramaticcritic,thenwritingplaysforthestage.Hewasagainst“artforart’ssake”.Heusedthestagetocriticizetheevilsofcapitalism(资本主义).Inhisplayshelaidbare(赤裸裸的)andgross(显而易见的)injusticeandutterinhumanityofthebourgeois(资本主义)society.HisDramaticWorks•1892—1893，hisfirstcycleofplays:“PlaysUnpleasant”containstwoplays:Widowers’Houses(鳏夫的房屋)andMrs.Warren’sProfession(华伦夫人的职业)Widowers’Housessatirizesbourgeoisbusinessmenwhosemoneyissqueezedoutofpoor,sufferingpeople.WhiletravelinginGermany,HarryTrench,ayoungEnglishdoctor,makestheacquaintanceofanEnglishbusinessmanMr.SartoriusandhisdaughterBlanche.TrenchandBlanchefallinlove,andareengagedtoeachotheronreturningtoEngland.ButfromSartorius’sclerkLickcheese,TrenchlearnsthatSartioriusistheownerofsqualid肮脏的tenement-houses廉价公寓inthepoorestquarterofLondon.Hisfortunehasbeengroundoutofthetearsofstarvingtenantsandtheirchildren.Disgustedwithhisfuturefather–in–law,TrenchwantstobreakhisengagementtoBlanche.ButSartoriusrevealstoTrenchthesourceofhisownincome.ItturnsoutthatSartorius’shousesarebuiltonlandbelongingtoTrench’sauntandthattheyoungmanlivesontheinterestofthemortgage.ThusTrenchprovestobenobetterthanSartoriusandLickcheese.ThisputsanendtoTrench’srevoltandhismarriesBlanche.Mrs.Warren’sprofessioniskeepingbrothels(妓院).SirGeorgeCrofts,anoldaristocrat,isherpartnerinthisbusiness.Vivie,Mrs.Warren’sdaughter,iseducatedinaverymoralatmosphereataboardingschool.Ongraduating,shereturnshomeandbyaccidentdiscoversthesourceofhermother’sincome.Outofanger,Vivieleaveshermotherand,livingindependently,triestoearnherbreadbyhonestwork.•1894—1897,thesecondcycle,called“PlaysPleasant”:ArmsandMan武器与人Otherworks:MajorBarbara(1905)《巴巴拉少校》Pygmalion(1912)《卖花女》HeartbreakHouse(1917)《伤心之家》SaintJoan(1923)《圣女贞德》TheAppleCart(1929)《苹果车》•Pygmalion(1913)isaplaybyGeorgeBernardShawbasedontheGreekmythofthesamename.IttellsthestoryofHenryHiggins,aprofessorofphonetics,whomakesabetwithhisfriendColonelPickeringthathecansuccessfullypassoffaCockneyflowergirl,ElizaDoolittle,asarefinedsocietyladybyteachingherhowtospeakwithanupperclassaccentandtrainingherinetiquette.Intheprocess,HigginsandDoolittlegrowclose,butsheultimatelyrejectshisdomineeringwaysanddeclaresshewillmarryFreddyEynsford-Hill–ayoung,poor,gentleman.Myfairlady简介亨利.希金斯（HenryHiggins）是一名固执傲慢的语言学教授。有一天他遇到了言语粗俗的卖花女伊莉莎.多莉特（ElizaDoolittle），告诉她一个人的语音标志着这个人的社会地位，如果她改进发音就可能会有一份体面的工作。教授回家后，遇到了同行皮克林（Pickering）上校，他告诉上校他能在六个月内把一个下层社会的女子培养成为上流社会的淑女。上校与教授打赌此事不可能。第二天恰好伊莉莎来了，在上校的帮助下，她成了教授的学生。经过刻苦学习，她取得了巨大进步，变得谈吐高雅、仪态端庄。最后在一次大型舞会上，她被介绍给上层社会，赢得了众人的赞美，并被皇家语音专家认为是某国的公主。教授回家后，兴高采烈地向上校索要赌金，完全忽视了伊莉莎，伊莉莎一怒之下，忿然离去。此时若有所失的教授才感到伊莉莎已成为自己生活的一部分。Languagepoints1.adaptationn改编本(C)，适应性(U)Theadaptationofanimalstotheenvironmentisratherslow.adaptv适应adaptoneselfto…使…适应Hetriedhardtoadapthimselftothenewconditions.2.hesitatev犹豫，踌躇hesitatetodosthhesitateaboutsth/doingsth①Don’t______________________that.Doitatonce.对于那件事情不要再犹豫了。马上去做吧。②He_______________takesuchabigrisk.他不情愿冒这样大的险。hesitationn犹豫withouthesitation毫不犹豫hesitateabout/overhesitatedtoExercise：Weareatyourservice.Don’t________toturntousifyouhaveanyfurtherproblems.A．begB．hesitateC．desireD．seek3.mistakenadj(见解或判断)不正确的bemistakenabout…对某事持错误的见解。你误会他所说的了。Youarewhathesaid.Peoplehaveamistakenopinionofthischild.mistakenaboutmistaken．错误vt.弄错，误会mistake...for...把……错认为……dosthbymistake错做了某事Hemistookmypolitenessforfriendliness.Intherestaurant，someonetookmyraincoat________mistake.A．inB．byC．forD．at4.classifyv把…分类，把…归类classify…into…把…分成…beclassifiedinto….Exercise:Thechildrenwere________intodiff