水生生物的紫外光防护剂——类菌胞素氨基酸UV-protect

2006,23(1):7886ChineseBulletinofBotany:2005-02-22;:2005-10-26:973(2002CB412306)211*Authorforcorrespondence.E-mail:[e-mail](650091)(mycosporine-likeaminoacids,MAAs),,,,,,,UV-protectiveMetabolitesinAquaticOrganisms——Mycosporine-likeAminoAcidsXiaolanChen,GuobinDeng,KaiqingLiu,ShannaChen*(SchoolofLifeScience,YunnanUniversity,Kunming650091)AbstractMycosporine-likeaminoacids(MAAs)arewater-solublesubstancescharacterizedbyacyclohexenoneorcyclohexeniminechromophoreconjugatedwiththenitrogensubstituentofaminoacids,havingabsorptionmaximarangingfrom310to360nm.MAAscanbesynthesizedinfungi,marineheterotrophicbacterium,cyanobacteria,andeukaryoticalgae,andaccumulateinmarineinvertebrates,fishandawidevarietyofothermarineorganisms.TheyareinvolvedintheUVscreening,osmoticandreproductiveregulationanddevelopmentprotection.Thisreviewhighlightsthedistri-butionandstructureandphysiologicalfunctionofMAAs.Itsbiosynthesisandaccumulationarealsodiscussed.Keywordsmycosporine-likeaminoacids(MAAs),UV-protective,distribution,biosynthesisandaccumulation,physiologicalfunction(mycosporine-likeaminoacids,MAAs)310~360nm(,2003)MAAsMAAs(UV-AUV-B)(28100~50000.m-1.cm-1),UV,MAAsLeach(1965),792006:1.1MAAsShibata1969(Shibata,1969)MAAs(Garcia-PichelandCastenhd,1993;Xiongetal.,1997;Karstenetal.,1998),MAAs(Oren,1997)MAAs,(Anabaena)(Nostoc)(Oscillatoria)(Scytonema)(Aphanocapsa)(Aphanothece)(Calothrix)Chlorogloeopsis(Chroococcus)(Chroococcidiopsis)Diplocolon(Entophysalis)(Gloeocapsa)(Gloeothece)(Hapalosiphon)(Lyngbya)(Microcoleus)(Pleurocapsa)(Rivularia)(Chrysocapsa)(Schizothrix)(Synechococcus)(Tolypothrix)MAAsasterina-330mycosporine-glyporphyra-334shinorine(SinhaandHtier,1998;Sinhaetal.,2001)(2003)(Microcystis)2MAAs:shinorineporphyra-3341.2()MAAsMAAs,MAAs(Xiongetal.,1999)MAAs(Dinophyceae)(Bacillariophyceae)HaptophyceaeMAAs,MAAs(Tsujino,1961;Xiongetal.,1997;Karstenetal.,1998a)MAAs(Karstenetal.,1998a;Xiongetal.,1999)MAAs,(Banaszaketal.,1998;Karstenetal.,1998b)1.3()MAAs(Dunlapetal.,1998),mycosporines(Arpinetal.,1979)1.4,[(Prochloronsp.)(dinoflagellates),(Symbiodiniumspp.)]MAAsMAAs,,MAAs(Dunlapetal.,2000)MAAs,,MAAs(Dunlapetal.,1989)MAAs(Sepiaofficinalis)MAAs(Shasharetal.,1998)MAAs,MAAs,MAAs(Shicketal.,1992)MAAs,MAAs()(SommarugaandGarcia-Pichel,1999)MAAs,,mycosporine-glycine(CastenholzandGarcia-Pichel,2000;Tartarottietal.,2001)MAAs,MAAs(Hoyeretal.,2001),8023(1)(Rozemaetal.,1997)MAAs,,(Masonetal.,1998)MAAs,,,2.1MAAsMAAs,,310~360nm,gadusoldeoxygadusol,268294nmMAAs-(oxo-MAAs),-(imino-MAAs),MAAs,--mycosporinesimino-MAAs,MAAs,MAAs1gadusolFig.1MolecularstructureofMAAsanditsprecusorgadusol2MAAsFig.2MolecularstructuresandwavelengthsofmaximumabsorptionofseveralMAAs812006:2.2MAAs3-(3-dehydroquinate,DHQ)mycosporinesmycosporinesMAAsDHQgadusols(Favre-Bonvinetal.,1987)DHQ(3-),,MAAs,MAAs3:(1)MAAs,PorphyraumbilicalisGracilariacornea;(2)MAAs,Nodulariabaltica;(3)MAAs,MAAs,,MAAsMAAs(Carretoetal.,1990),MAAs(Franklinetal.,1999)Ishikura(1997),-,MAAs,,8MAAs,,MAAsMAAs(BanaszakandTrench,1995)MAAs,MAAsMAAsshinorine(CarrollandShick,1996;Adamsetal.,2001);palythineasterina-330;(Sepiaofficinalis)2MAAs(Haslam,1993)MAAsMAAs,shinorine(Dunlapetal.,1998)MAAsMAAs,,MAAsMAAsasterina-330,asterina-330,shinorinemycosporine-2glycineporphyra-3343MAAs(MAAs)DAHP.3-deoxy-D-arabinoheptulsinate-7-phosphate;DAHPS.DAHPDHQS.3-DHQD.3-SD.SK.EPSP.5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate;EPSPS.EPSPCS.Fig.3TheshikimatepathwayandputativeMAAsbiosynthesis(Shicketal.,2002)8223(1)shinorineporphyra-334,mycosporine-glycine(Adamsetal.,2001)MAAsHaslam(1993)1molMAAs60molATPRaven(1991),1molMAAs()1/10MAAs5~10,MAAs,19%,,MAAs,,MAAs3.1MAAsMAAs,“sunscreening”,,,,shinorineporphyra-334,(Condeetal.,2000),,(Phaeocystisantarctica)MAAs(shinorine)()a,(MoisanandMitchell,2001)MAAsGarcia-PichelCastenholz(1993),,MAAs3/10,MAAsMAAs320nmUV25%MAAsgadusols4-DG,gadusols(Grantetal.,1985)gadusolsMAAs,MAAs,UV-B/C(294nm)4-DGMAAs,imino-MAAs,Oxo-MAAs,Oxo-MAAs(UV-B,310nm),imino-MAAs,,UV-A(Placketal.,1981)3.2MAAsMAAs(AdamsandShick,1996)MAAs,340nmNAD(P)H,,MAAs,,MAAs(Lesser,1996;Nealeetal.,1998;Franklinetal.,1999;Hoyeretal.,2001)3.3MAAsMAAsLesserGlynn,MAAs,,(Lesser,1996;SchomerandEpel,1998),Gleason,MAAs,,832006:(GleasonandWellington,1995;Gleason,2001)3.4MAAs(Gulko,1995),MAAsBandaranayake(1998)MAAsMAAsMAAs,,,MAAs,MAAs,3.5,MAAs,,MAAs(Oren,1997;Karentz,2001),,MAAs()(Shick,1991;Shicketal.,2002),,(UV-B),DNA,UV,,,,,,(,2003),MAAs,,MAAs;MAAs;MAAs;UV,MAAs(),,,(2003).MAAs.15,359-363.Adams,N.L.,andShick,J.M.(1996).Mycosporine-likeaminoacidsprovideprotectionagainstultravio-letradiationineggsofthegreenseaurchinStrongylocentrotusdroebachiensis.Photochem.Photobiol.64,149-158.Adams,N.L.,Shick,J.M.,andDunlap,W.C.(2001).SelectiveaccumulationofmycosporinelikeaminoacidsinovariesofthegreenseaurchinStrongylocentrotusdroebachiensisisnotaffectedbyultravioletradiation.Mar.Biol.138,281-294.Arpin,N.,Curt,R.,andFavre-Bonvin,J.(1979).Mycosporines:Miseaupointetdonneesnouvellesconcernantleursstructures,leurdistribution,leurlocalisationetleurbiogenese.Rev.Mycol.43,247-257.Banaszak,A.T.,Les