浅析生物涂料的开发与应用

1本科毕业论文浅析生物涂料的开发与应用BIOPAINTSOFDEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONII生物涂料的开发与应用摘要在21世纪，国内涂料工业正处于一个技术进步的重要时期。环保法规的强化，推动了涂料产品结构的调整：传统溶剂型涂料逐渐减少，高性能、低污染涂料快速增长；限制重金属颜料在涂料中的应用，促进了低毒性颜料的开发；环保法规的加强，迫使世界各大涂料公司纷纷致力于节能低污染的水性涂料、粉未涂料、高固体分涂料和辐射固化涂料的开发应用。水性涂料和辐射固化涂料等方向发展。填料是涂料的重要组成部分，是漆膜的重要成膜物质。它不仅给涂料提供了人们所需要的装修色彩，遮盖被涂底层，而且还能改善漆膜的性能，提高漆膜的机械强度和防腐性能，减少漆膜的透气性和透水性，有的还表现出特殊的性能，在涂料的功能化中起到重要作用。同时由于使用体质颜料，还可以节省一些功能过剩的着色颜料，保证涂料的质量，减低涂料的成本。近几年来,材料科学和生物技术的交叉领域的研究越来越受到重视,而其中的三大研究分枝天然生物材料、生物医用材料、仿生材料倍受人们注目。天然生物材料经过亿万年的进化,形成了特殊的结构,具有优异的性能。天然生物材料几乎都是复合材料,不同材质、不同结构、不同功能的复合使得天然生物材料的特性远远超过单一常规材料，美国、英国、日本等许多国家和我国的一些单位相继投入专门力量进行生物材料的研究。贝壳中含有大量结晶无机物和天然高分子,无机物如碳酸钙和磷酸钙,天然高分子如蛋白质和多糖,将上述天然地无机物连接起来.由于贝壳中的无机相和有机相的特征尺寸在亚微米至纳米级,是一种天然的有机/无机杂化材料,保证了贝壳具有很高的硬度,同时又具有很好的韧性,通常情况填料与聚合物相容性比较差,通过改性可以提高贝壳微粉对涂料有机物的相容性,可以提高涂料的综合性能。[1]碳酸钙是一种重要的填料，能水解成氢氧化钙，具有化学活性，在底漆中可以降低漆膜的起泡和开裂现象；提高漆膜的附着力，提高漆的防霉能力[2]。本实验以天然碳酸钙与贝壳粉总量做为不变值，变动天然碳酸钙与贝壳粉的比值，加入一定量的苯丙乳液、助剂、着色颜料和体质颜料、水，通过一定得工艺制的综合性能提高的生物涂料。通过对性能检测比较，从而确定最佳天然碳酸钙与贝壳粉添加量。通过不同比列的碳酸钙和贝壳粉做为填料添加到苯丙乳液的建筑涂料中，在对粘度、比重、固含量、耐碱性等性能的测定中得出，当贝壳粉添加量为1.2%—1.5%时，这种生物涂料的综合性能比没有加贝壳粉的涂料性能有了很大的改善。III关键词：生物涂料，贝壳粉，综合性能，最佳值IVBIOPAINTSOFDEVELOPMENTANDAPPLICATIONABSTRACTInthe21stcentury,thedomesticpaintindustryisgoingthroughaimportantperiodoftechnologicalprogress.Thestrengtheningenvironmentalregulationshaspromotedtheadjustmentofpaintproductstructure：traditionalsolvent-basedpainthasgraduallyreduced;highperformance,low-pollutionpaintisexperiencingrapidgrowth;limitedusageofheavymetalpigmentsinthecoatingshaspromotedthedevelopmentoflow-toxicpaint;thestrengtheningenvironmentalregulationshasforcedtheworld'spaintcompaniestoapplyanddevelopenergy-savinglow-pollutionwatercoatings,powdercoatings,highsolidcoatingsandradiationcurablecoating.Thiscompanieshavedevelopedwatercoatingsandradiationcurablecoatingsastheirdirections.Fillerisanimportantcomponentofpaint,andalsoisanimportantfilmcoatingmaterialofpaint.Itnotonlymeetspeople’sneedsofprovidingthedecorationcolors,beingcoveredbycoatingthebottom,butalsoimprovestheperformanceofthepaintfilm,thefilm'smechanicalstrengthandcorrosionresistance,andreducesthefilm'spermeabilityandwaterpermeability.Andsomeoffillersshowparticularfunctions,whichplaysanimportantroleinfunctionalcoating.Atthesametime,asaresultoftheuseofextenderpigment,itcanalsosavesomeexcesscoloringpigment,ensurethequalityofpaint,andreducethecostofpaint.Inrecentyears,theresearchonthecrossfieldbetweenmaterialscienceandbiotechnologyhasgainedmuchattention,inwhichthethreebranches---naturalbiologicalmaterials,bio-medicalmaterials,bio-mimeticmaterialsarethemainfocus.Naturalbiologicalmaterials,afterhundredsofmillionsofyearsevolution,haveformedaspecialstructure,withexcellentperformance.Almostallthenaturalbiologicalmaterialsarecompoundmaterials.Thecompositionofdifferentmaterials,differentstructuresanddifferentfunctionsmakesthecharacteristicsofnaturalbiologicalmaterialsfarsuperiortoasingleconventionalmaterial.SomebureausintheUnitedStates,Britain,Japan,ourVcountryandmanyothercountrieshavedevotedspecialeffortstoresearchingonbiologicalmaterialsinsuccession.Shellcontainsalargenumberofcrystallineinorganicsubstancesandnaturalpolymers,inorganicsubstanceslikecalciumcarbonateandcalciumphosphate,naturalpolymerslikeproteinsandpolysaccharides,soshellconnectstheabove-mentionednaturalinorganicsubstances.Asthesizeofinorganicphaseandorganicphaseinshellchangesfromthesub-microntonanometer,itisanaturalorganic/inorganichybridmaterialswhichensuresthattheshellhasahighdegreeofhardness,whileatthesametimehasgoodtoughness.Usually,fillerhasarelativelypoorcompatibilitywithpolymer,butthroughmodification,compatibilitycanbeimprovedbetweenshellpowderandtheorganiccoating,andtheoverallperformanceofcoatingcanbeimprovedtoo.Calciumcarbonateisanimportantfiller,whichcanbehydrolyzedintohydratedlimewithchemicalactivity.Intheprimercoating，itcanreducethephenomenonofbubblingandcrackingimproveadhesionofpaintfilm,andimprovetheabilitytoefficacyofantimicrobial,Inthispaper,keepingthetotalamountofnaturalcalciumcarbonateandshellpowderisthesame,butchangingtheratioofnaturalcalciumcarbonatetoshellpowder,thisexperimentisaddedacertainamountofstyrene-acrylicemulsion,accessoryingredient,coloringpigment,extenderpigmentandwatertoimprovetheoverallperformanceofthebiologicalcoatingthroughcertainprocessconditions.Afterthecomparisonofperformancetesting,thisexperimentcandeterminethebestamountofnaturalcalciumcarbonateandshellpowder.Afteranalysingdifferentratioesofcalciumcarbonatetoshellpowderasafilleraddedtothestyrene-acrylicemulsion,andtestingtheperformanceintheviscosity,specificgravity,solidcontent,alkaliresistanceandsoon,itcomestotheconclusionthatwhenitsaddingshellpowderis1.2%-1.5%,theintegratedperformanceofbiologicalcoatinghasagreaterimprovementthanthatofthecoatingwithoutshellpowder.KEYWORDS：biopaints，shellpower，integratedfunction，thebestamountI目录摘要.....................................................................II摘要（英文）.............................................................IV绪论.............................................................