2IP地址的分配与聚合设计-

IP地址的分配与聚合设计IP地址的分类IP网络的子网划分划分VLSM子网本章内容为网络设备提供逻辑地址负责数据从源端发送到目的端负责数据传输的寻径和转发选择最佳路径IPICMPARPIP协议功能IP协议表现形式:数据包格式IP协议核心:IP地址网络位主机位101011000001000001111010110011001721612220432比特的二进制数每8比特表示成一个十进制数A类:B类:C类:D类:多播组编号E类:用于实验NetworkHostHostHostNetworkNetworkHostHostNetworkNetworkNetworkHost8比特8比特8比特8比特IP地址的分类1A类:0NNNNNNNHostHostHost891617242532(1-126)1B类:10NNNNNNNetworkHostHost891617242532(128-191)1C类:110NNNNNNetworkNetworkHost891617242532(192-223)1D类:1110MMMM多播组多播组多播组891617242532(224-239)IP地址的分类IP地址分类练习地址类别网络主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10IP地址分类练习（答案）地址类别网络主机10.2.1.1128.63.2.100201.222.5.64192.6.141.2130.113.64.16256.241.201.10ABCCBNonexistent10.0.0.0128.63.0.0201.222.5.0192.6.141.0130.113.0.00.2.1.10.0.2.1000.0.0.640.0.0.20.0.64.16特殊的IP地址本地回环地址127.0.0.1IP地址的网络位随意,主机位全为0192.168.12.0IP地址的网络位随意,主机位全为1192.168.12.255IP地址的网络位全为0,主机位随意0.0.0.23IP地址的网络位和主机位全为00.0.0.0IP地址的网络位和主机位全为1255.255.255.255私有地址(RFC1918)A类:10.0.0.0至10.255.255.255B类:172.16.0.0至172.31.255.255C类:192.168.0.0至192.168.255.25511111111计算可用的主机地址172160010101100000100000000000000000000网络主机000000000000000111111111111111111111111111111110......000000000000001111111101123655346553565536-...2655342N-2=216-2=65534IP网络中主机数的计算方法2N-2公式:“N”代表主机位数主机位全“0”表示网络编号主机位全“1”表示该网络中的广播216-2=65534172.16.0.0/16172.16.0.1172.16.0.2172.16.0.3…...172.16.255.253172.16.255.254B类网络可容纳的主机数量172.16.1.0/24172.16.2.0/24172.16.3.0/24172.16.4.0/24子网划分未划分的子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150E0172.16网络网络端口172.16.0.0172.16.0.0E0E1新路由表2160主机..172.16.3.1E1划分的子网地址172.16.2.200172.16.2.2172.16.2.160172.16.2.1172.16.3.5172.16.3.100172.16.3.150172.16.3.1E0E1172.162160网络主机..网络端口172.16.2.0172.16.3.0E0E1新路由表子网区别子网络方法:子网掩码1721600255255002552552550IPAddressDefaultSubnetMask8-bitSubnetMaskNetworkHostNetworkHostNetworkSubnetHost“/16”表示子网掩码有16位.“/24”表示子网掩码有24位.1111111111111111000000000000000016网络主机172001010110011111111101011000001000011111111000100000000000000000000101000000000000000000000缺省情况下子网未划分00000010缺省情况下的子网掩码172.16.2.160255.255.0.0网络号扩展了8位地址的网络利用子网掩码划分子网16网络主机172.16.2.160255.255.255.017220101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000000000000000000000000010子网网络号利用子网掩码划分子网网络主机172.16.2.160255.255.255.192101011001111111110101100000100001111111100010000111111110000001010100000110000001000000000000010子网扩展了10位地址的网络161722128网络号CIDR标记法：网络前缀标记法IP地址子网掩码子网掩码1的数量CIDR表示的IP地址255.255.240.01111111111111111111100000000000010.217.123.7000010101101100101111011000001118+8+4+0=2010.217.123.7/20子网掩码练习地址子网掩码类别子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0子网掩码练习（答案）地址子网掩码类别子网172.16.2.1010.6.24.2010.30.36.12255.255.255.0255.255.240.0255.255.255.0BAA172.16.2.010.6.16.010.30.36.0计算机网络ID用CIDR表示的IP地址:10.217.123.7/20求网络地址？IP地址子网掩码网络IDCIDR表示的网络ID10.217.112.0/20255.255.240.01111111111111111111100000000000010.217.123.70000101011011001011110110000011100001010110110010111000000000000IP地址子网掩码网络ID网络广播255.255.240.01111111111111111111100000000000010.217.123.70000101011011001011110110000011100001010110110010111000000000000本地网络广播地址00001010110110010111111111111111网络地址不动主机地址为1广播地址练习地址类别子网广播地址201.222.10.60255.255.255.248子网掩码15.16.193.6255.255.248.0128.16.32.13255.255.255.252153.50.6.27255.255.255.128广播地址练习（答案）153.50.6.127地址类别子网广播地址201.222.10.60255.255.255.248C201.222.10.63201.222.10.56子网掩码15.16.193.6255.255.248.0A15.16.199.25515.16.192.0128.16.32.13255.255.255.252B128.16.32.15128.16.32.12153.50.6.27255.255.255.128B153.50.6.0如何确定IP地址在同一子网内或不在同一子网内？也就是说，可以相互在局域网内打联机游戏？例：192.168.1.14/28与192.168.1.17/28能否通讯？不在同一子网内的IP，如何通讯？（通过路由器可以将不同网段的计算机联结起来。）不在同一子网络主机通讯HubHub给定IP地址为172.156.100.100，掩码为255.255.255.224，其广播地址为：A．172.156.100.127B．172.156.100.31C．172.156.100.255D．172.156.100.128IP地址192.168.13.170/28的网段地址是？（）192.168.13.144;192.168.13.158192.168.13.160;192.168.13.174;192.168.13.176IP地址172.16.10.17255.255.255.252的网段地址和广播地址分别是？（）172.16.10.0172.16.10.254172.16.10.10172.16.10.200172.16.10.16172.16.10.19172.16.10.8172.16.10.23已知C类网络192.168.6.0将其划分为20个子网,每个子网5台主机网络规划问题一已知:192.168.50.0/24HQCDBEA25台主机25台主机25台主机25台主机25台主机ABCED网络规划问题二课程回顾IP地址的分类IP网络的子网划分划分VLSM子网