2015年职称英语理工类A级考试答案

2015年职称英语理工类A级考试答案（代码11，以下答案是网友版的，仅供参考！）理工A，代码：11一、词汇选项BAAADBCDBBCCAAAtolerate→acceptaptitude→talentrejection→refusalbold→bravemortal→deadlylure→tempttransparent→clearturmoil→disorderperish→diesimultaneous→coexistingassimilation→integrationcardinal→principalcompliment→praiseperpetual→continuouspathetic→pitiful二、阅读判断第2部分阅读判断LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarthScientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium(Cr)isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”FundingsourcesfortheresearchincludedtheNASAExobiologyProgramandtheNationalScienceFoundation’sEarth-LifeTransitionsprogram,awardedtoPlanavsky,Reinhard,andLyons.TheothermembersoftheresearchteamincludedXiangliWang,apostdoctoralfellowatYale;ThomasJohnson,oftheUniversityofIllinois;DanielleThomson,ofCarletonUniversity;PeterMcGoldrick,oftheUniversityofTasmania;andWoodwardFischer,oftheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned三、概括大意第3部分概括大意与完成句子FirstImage-recognitionSoftware1.Dartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificial1,softwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargrejthaneverbefore.2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedto,Ishowsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm(运算法则)or,ma9eIrecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelargeseaie,documentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel(像素)datainimagesandpotentiayvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned(收集)fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptionsmakingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.3.Overthelast30years,saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist(主旨)ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontai