立式铣车复合加工中心数控转台动平衡在线检测技术研究

硕士学位论文立式铣车复合加工中心数控转台动平衡在线检测技术研究RESEARCHONONLINEBALANCETESTINGOFNCROTARYTABLEFORVERTICALMILLING-LATHECOMPOSITEDMACHININGCENTER邓斗波哈尔滨工业大学2012年7月图书分类号：TH113.25学校代码：10213国际图书分类号：621密级：公开硕士学位论文立式铣车复合加工中心数控转台动平衡在线检测技术研究硕士研究生：邓斗波导师：韩振宇副教授申请学位：工程硕士学科：机械工程所在单位：机电工程学院答辩日期：2012年7月授予学位单位：哈尔滨工业大学ClassifiedIndex:TH113.25U.D.C:621DissertationfortheMasterDegreeinEngineeringRESEARCHONONLINEBALANCETESTINGOFNCROTARYTABLEFORVERTICALMILLING-LATHECOMPOSITEDMACHININGCENTERCandidate：DengDouboSupervisor：AssociateProf.HanZhenyuAcademicDegreeAppliedfor：MasterofEngineeringSpeciality：MechanicalManufacturingandAutomationAffiliation：SchoolofMechatronicsEngineeringDateofDefence：July,2012Degree-Conferring-Institution：HarbinInstituteofTechnology哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-I-摘要机床作为一种高档的金属加工中心，在许多行业的高精零件加工中有广泛的应用。数控转台是机床的重要部件，具有支撑工件、圆周方向上分度等作用，其性能对机床的性能和寿命影响很大。转台生产和装配过程中由于材质不均匀、装配误差等原因可能会使其在工作时转动轴心线与惯性轴心线不重合，这样就会产生动不平衡，从而造成机床噪声与振动，影响机床的加工质量与效率。因此，转台动不平衡量的在线检测与补偿技术对于提高机床精度与效率具有重要的意义。本文首先在广泛调研国内外动平衡测试系统发展现状及相关理论的基础上，确定了影响系数法作为本课题所采用的动平衡方法，并选择相关分析法作为振动信号的幅值、相位的求解方法，该种技术方案具有精度高、效率高等优点。其次，根据测试要求、测试转台结构特点等确定了测试系统软硬件方案。硬件部分选用Kistler微型加速度传感器检测转台基座的振动信号，E3F-R2NK光电开关产生测量所需的基准信号。采集到的振动信号和基准信号首先用电路板进行整形、滤波、锁相倍频、放大等预处理，再由研华公司的USB-4711A型数据采集卡转换为数字信号，采集触发源为倍频后的基准信号，采样方式为整周期采样。软件部分包括采集卡控制程序和振动信号幅值、相位求取程序等，程序编写用VisualC++6.0和MATLAB7.0混合编程的方式实现，VisualC++6.0完成程序界面的编写和采集卡数据采集、传输的控制，MATLAB完成数据预处理、动不平衡量幅值相位的求取、图像的显示等。昀后，在转台装配现场对替代转台开展了动平衡测试实验，测试结果表明课题确定的测试方案和系统能较准确的求出动不平衡量的大小和位置，验证了方案的正确性和可行性。关键词：测试系统；数控转台；动平衡哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-II-AbstractThemachineinvolvedinthistopicsisakindofhigh-precisionmetalworkingmachineandiswidelyappliedtoprocesshigh-precisionpartsinmanyfileds.NCrotarytableasanimportantpartofthemachineplaystheroleofsupportingtheworkpieceanddividingcircumferentialdirectiondegrees,itperformancehasadirectandimportantimpactonthemachining’saccuracyandservicelife.Duringtheproductionandassemblyprocess,manyreasonscancausetheNCrotarytable’srotationaxislinedoesnotcoincidewiththeinertialaxisline,whichproducedynamicunbalance.thismayresultinmachinenoiseandvibration,andaffectsthequalityandefficiencyofthemachining.Therefore,dynamicunbalanceonlinetestingandcompensationtechniqueshavegreatsignificancetoimprovethemachine’saccuracyandefficiency.Firstly,basedontheanalysisofcurrentunbalancetestsystemandbalancingtheory,theinfluencecoefficientmethodwastakentoasthemethodofbalancingandthecorrelationanalysismethodwastakentocalculatethevibrationamplitudeandphase.Thistechnicalsolutionhashighprecisionandhighefficiency.Secondly,thetestsystem’scompositionwasdeterminedasfollowsaccordingtothetesttasksandtheNCrotarytable’sstructuralfeatures:TheKistlerminiatureaccelero-meterwastakentopickupthevibrationsignaloftherotarytableandE3F-R2NKphotoelectricsensorswasusedtogeneratethereferencesignal.Firstthevibrationandreferencesignalwaspreprocessedusingcircuitboardtoshape,filter,phase-lockedmultiplyandamplify,theusingAdvantech'sUSB-4711Adataacquisitioncardtosamplereprocessedsignal,usingthemultiplierreferencesignalastheacquisitiontriggersource,completelycycletruncated.Thesoftwarepartofthetestsystem,includingtheacquisitioncard’scontrollingandthevibrationsignal’sprocessing,wasachievedbymixedprogrammingwithVisualC++6.0andMatlab7.0.TheVCwritestheprograminterfaceandcontrolsdataacquisitioncardtosample,transmitdata.Matlabberesponsibleforpre-processingdata,solvingthesizeandpositionoftheunbalancequality,displayingthepictureandsoon.Finally,thealternativeexperimentsmakingintheNCrotarytableassemblysiteshowsthatthistestprogramandsystemcancalculatethesizeandlocationoftheunbalanceaccurately,andverifythecorrectnessandfeasiblilityofthistestingsystem.Keywords:testsystem,NCrotarytable,dynamicunbalancing哈尔滨工业大学工程硕士学位论文-III-目录摘要..................................................................................................................................I Abstract...............................................................................................................................II 第1章绪论.....................................................................................................................1 1.1研究的目的和意义..................................................................................................1 1.2国内外动平衡研究现状..........................................................................................2 1.2.1动平衡方法.....................................................................................................2 1.2.2动平衡测试系统的发展.................................................................................3 1.2.3在线动平衡装置简介.....................................................................................5 1.3动平衡等级及评价标准..........................................................................................7 1.4课题研究主要内容..................................................................................................7 第2章动平衡平衡和计算方法的确定...........................................................................9 2.1转子不平衡概念................................................................................................