2016考研英语基础阶段精读复习方法及步骤

官方微信：2016考研英语基础阶段精读复习方法及步骤2015年3月份一开学，各位学子迎来了新的学期，这也就意味着考研复习基础阶段的黄金时期到来了，所以各位学子一定要抓住这段黄金复习期，提高自己的英语基础水平。考研英语基础阶段的主要任务是攻克词汇和语法长难句。但是背单词是各位考生最为头疼的事情。与此同时，长难句由于缺乏语境也很难理解。面对此种情况，为各位学子推荐一种轻松记忆单词和长难句的好方法。在这个阶段，各位学子可以认真研读1994-2004年的真题，从真题中汲取营养，攻克词汇和语法长难句。7月份之前，如果各位考生能够将10年52篇文章做到精读，相信大家的词汇和语法长难句一定会有大的突破，并且为强化阶段的学习奠定坚实的基础。基础阶段精读复习方法及步骤：1快速浏览选项，把握文章主题2精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句3作答题目，理解文章含义4翻译全文，再次巩固复习词汇和语法长难句下面我们为各位学子精细分析1994年Text1TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise，market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen，strivingtomakeprofits，producethesegoodsandservicesincompetitionwithotherbusinessmen；andtheprofitmotive，operatingundercompetitivepressures，largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus，intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers，coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes，thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeexpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy，thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem，aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponsetorelativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbyseller-producers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand，thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If，ontheotherhand，producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost，官方微信：thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers，whichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus，priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivateenterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources（privateproperty），andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor，gaincontrolovernaturalresources，andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy，theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights，includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.1.InPara1，“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes”means________.[A]Americansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomes[B]Americanstendtooverstatetheirincomes[C]Americanswanttohavetheirincomesincreased[D]Americanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes2.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat________.[A]producerscansatisfytheconsumersbymechanizedproduction[B]consumerscanexpresstheirdemandsthroughproducers[C]producersdecidethepricesofproducts[D]supplyanddemandregulateprices3.Accordingtothetext，aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby________.[A]privatepropertyandrightsconcerned[B]manpowerandnaturalresourcescontrol[C]ownershipofproductiveresources[D]freecontractsandprices4.Thetextismainlyabout________.[A]howAmericangoodsareproduced[B]howAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoods官方微信：[C]howAmericaneconomicsystemworks[D]howAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits一、快速浏览选项，把握文章主题根据题干中“thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes，aprivate-enterpriseeconomy”，可知本篇文章属于经济类文章，而且通过individuals和aprivate-enterpriseeconomy可知本文一定与私有经济有关。二、精读各段落，攻克词汇和语法长难句词汇精解（1）enterprise（n.）企（事）业单位，事业，事业心，进取心；private~私人企业，（2）orient（v.）为……定方向，为……定位，（n.）东方；oriental（a.）东方的；-oriented后缀意思是：以……为目标的，如：market-oriened以市场为导向的（3）strive（v.）奋斗，争取，striveto/for/against努力，争取（4）motive（n.）动机，目的；（a.）运动的，发动的（5）coupledwith与……结合在一起；couple（v.）连接，结合（6）mechanism（n.）机制，机构，机械装置，mechanics（n.）力学，机械学（7）bid（n./v.）出价，投标，bidup哄抬价格（8）regulating（a.）调节的，regulate（v.）regulation（n.）（9）gaincontrolover获得对……的控制（10）profit（n.）利润，收益，益处，ataprofit获得利润地；（v.）获益，得利，有利于，profitby/fromsth.长难句精解①TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise，market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.该句的主干是“TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedarounda…economyinwhich”，economy前面的定语修饰成分是private-enterprise，market-oriented，后面是inwhich引导的定语从句。从句的主干是“consumersdeterminewhat…byspending…官方微信：for…”，what引导宾语从句，by引导的分词结构做状语，而这个方式状语中for引导的介词短语又做动词spend的目的状语，此外，其中还嵌套了一个that引导的定语从句。译文：美国的经济体制是在基本上由私营企业组成并以市场为导向的经济基础上建立起来的。在这个经济体制上，需要生产什么主要是由消费者在市场上花钱购买他们最需要的商品和服务决定的。②Thus，intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers，coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes，thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.此句的主干是itis…thattogetherdetermine…强调句。coupledwith和and连接三个并列成分thedemandofindividualconsumers，thedesireofbusinessmentomaximizeprofits和thedesireofindividualstomaximizetheirincomes.determine后是what和how连接的并列的宾语从句，句末it指代的是前面的whatshallbeproduced.译文：在美国经济体制中，消费者个人的需求、商人获取最大利润的追求和消费者渴望最大限度地增加自己的收入共同决定应该生产什么和如何利用资源去生产这些产品。③IntheAmericaneconomy，theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights，includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproduct