21世纪研究生英语综合教程2答案

21世纪研究生英语（综合教程2）练习题答案UnitOneTextAPuttinginaGoodWordforGuiltⅢ.Keytotheexercises1.Readingcomprehension(1)Theythinkguiltisabadthingforone’spsychology,andifyouwanttolivewithtrueliberation,youshouldgetridofthesenseofguiltandtrytobelieveeverythingandeverybodyisOK,nomatterwhatyouhavedone.(2)Underthiskindofconception,peopletrytoignorethesenseofguiltwithoutfindingoutitsrealmeaninginlife.Andit’ssomewhatlikeselfdeceivingtosayeverythingisokbecauseindeeperconscience,peoplewillstillfeeluneasyifsenseofguiltisnotdealtwithproperly.(3)Somepeoplecangothroughtheirliveswithoutamomentofguilt,whiletheothergroupofpeoplemayfeelguiltyjustforbeingalive.(4)Asenseofguilt,aswellasasenseofduty,canurgeustodotherightthingwhenwemaynotfeellikedoingit.Inthatway,asenseofguiltisthegreatcivilizerofourbasicconscienceandthemaintainerofourbehavior.(5)Youcaneitherchangetheopinionofaperfectimagesothatyou’llfeellessguiltywhenfailingtoachievesomething,orchangethebehaviorinawaythatismoreinaccordwithyourrightconscience.2.Vocabulary(1)slaying(2)obsessively(3)ingrained(4)hustles(5)inflicted(6)commandment/stampede(7)infidelities(8)qualms(9)catatonic3.Paraphrase(1)Butthenitcametomymindthatpeoplehavegivenupguiltfortoolongatime.Duringthatperiodoftimeofabouttenyearsormore,thosewelcomepsychologistssolvedpeople’smentalproblemsbywritingbooksinsteadofgivingclinicaltreatment.Andtheyaretryingtoadvocatetheconceptthatnobodyshouldfeelguiltyforanything.(2)Inthepast,itwascommonlythoughtthattolovehimself,everyoneshouldfirstgiveuphisguilt.Forthemostpartofthepasttenyears,peopledeliberatelyignoredthesenseofguiltwithoutunderstandingitsmeaningandsignificance.(3)What’smore,wewouldneverbeoneofthosewhogiveuptheirguiltwhilebecomingmoreandmoredeterioratedinexcessiveadmirationofthemselves.(4)Therearepeoplewhoaretorturedbyunreasonableguilt.Ofcoursewearenotwillingtobeoneofthemorguideourchildrentobeoneofthem.(5)Insuchachangeableworld,oursenseofdutyisverylikelytochangeourfeeling.Nowanoldconceptmayconflictwithanewoneonwhatweshoulddo.Thereisagreatdifferencebetweenourbeliefandtheeducationwegot,andthatdifferenceresultsinthesenseofguilt.(6)Ifguiltrepresentsthecontradictionofourstandardsofbehavior,itisagoodthingfullofstrengthandhumanness.(7)Insomeaspect,thesocalledbadfeelingreflectsthebestnatureofhumanbeing.Becausewedon’twanttofeelguilty,wewillnotdobadthings.(8)Inthataspect,guiltcanmakeuscivilizedandforceusbyconsciencetobegoodpeopleinsteadofputtingourselvesinthefirstplaceurgently.4.Cloze(2)responsibility(3)reason(4)triggered(5)anxiety(6)committed(7)criticism(8)empathy(9)develop(10)violates(11)value(12)intended(13)fulfill(14)generally(15)failing(16)intended(17)biochemical(18)judged(19)since(20)nature5.TranslationA.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.究其最深层最彻底的含义，内疚感是我们心中一个渴望被捕获的罪犯。做错了事就产生这种可怕的、发自内心的感觉。这正如麦克白夫人满脑子想的那个别人看不到的血点一样……而且我们还不能四处张望。没有内疚就等于没有良知。感觉不到内疚的人给他人造成痛苦后心情照样不错，结果他们就心安理得地接着给别人制造痛苦。我们什么不要都可以，唯独不能不要良知。弗洛伊德曾说过：“上帝在良知方面处理不当，有些粗心，大多数人生来良知就不算多，要么就少的不值一提。”这里说明一点，我并不是建议每个人报名参加寻找内疚之旅。然而，我们必须对以下两种观点加以区分：一种认为我们所有人都应该为诸如贫困或种族主义感到内疚；另一种则断言受压迫者是“命里注定”。B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.(1)Peopleappealedtothegovernmenttoputinagoodwordfortherealheroafterthetruthcameout.(2)OnthecomingoftheNewYear,itoccurredtoSamthatheshouldputasidehisworkforawhileandcallhisparents.(3)Inatimeofchange,youngpeopleoftenputselfinterestinthefirstplaceandtuneoutsocialcommitment.(4)Thegovernmenthasrealizedthatserioussocialproblemsmayarisefromwealthpolarization,andmeasureshavebeentakentoshortenthedistance.(5)Asthecostofbeingfamous,starsareparticularlyvulnerabletocriticism,becausepeoplealwayshavehigherexpectationsofthem.UnitTwoTextAIntheBeginning:GodandScienceⅢ.Keytotheexercises1.Readingcomprehension(1)“Immaterial”hastwosenses:(a)Ofnoimportanceorrelevance,inconsequentialorirrelevant;(b)Havingnomaterialbodyorform.Itseemsthatpeoplehavetakentheconceptionthatreligionorspiritualactivityisofnoimportanceinhuman’slife.(2)TheSteadyStatetheorythattheuniversejustexistsinfinitivelywithoutgenerationanddestruction.(3)BecausetheyseemtogetsomeconfirmationfromthescienceofthecreationofworlddescribedinBible.(4)Becauseitisoneofthebasicscientificprinciplethateveryeffecthasacause,butthecreationoftheuniverse,asthestartingpointofeverything,hasnocause,whichcontradictswiththeprinciple.(5)Ofcourseitisnotthefinalconclusionaboutthecreationofworld.Butbothscientificandreligiousfieldsshouldtakesomeefforttoexplorewithproperawetheunknownareathatissuggestedbyit.2.Vocabulary(2)serenity(3)ignites(4)receding(5)subversive(6)convergence(7)provisional(8)defies(9)concur(10)becoming3.Paraphrase(1)It’shardandevenintolerabletoimaginetheinfinitiveuniverse,liketheendlesstime,butthisideacanatleastmakepeoplefeelcalmandpeaceful.(2)However,inrecentdecades,theSteadyStatemodelofuniversehasbeensubstitutedinscientificfieldbyamoredifficultideathattheuniverseisfullofforcefulactions.(3)TheBigBangtheorymakessomeastronomersveryuneasy,butatthesametime,createsalittleexcitementinreligiousfieldforitseemstoconfirmtheirbeliefincreation.(4)ScienceeducedtheBigBangtheoryfromtheh