4提高原油采收率

油藏岩石和流体性质、采取的技术措施第一节影响采收率的因素一、影响采收率的因素％原始地质储量最终累积采油量最终采收率＝100油藏地质条件、开采技术(一)油藏地质因素★油气藏的地质构造形态；★天然驱动能量的大小及类型；★油藏岩石及流体性质；客观因素(二)油田开发和采油技术因素主观因素第一节影响采收率的因素第一节影响采收率的因素+勘探油藏岩石与流体的物理性质油藏地质模型油藏工程设计采油工程设计钻井工程设计方案决策地面工程设计油田开发结束总体经济评价油田开发钻井工程采油工程油藏动态监测与分析油田开发动态调整地面工程(一)油藏地质因素★油气藏的地质构造形态；★天然驱动能量的大小及类型；★油藏岩石及流体性质；客观因素(二)油田开发和采油技术因素★油气藏开发层系的划分；★布井方式与井网密度的选择；★油井工作制度的选择和地层压力的保持程度；★完井方法；★开采工艺技术水平和增产措施的发展水平；★提高采收率方法的应用规模。主观因素第一节影响采收率的因素二、波及系数与洗油效率原始累积采油量VVER原始波及区残余未波及原始VVVV原始波及区残余波及VVVoioioiorssoioissB/SAhB/ShAB/ShADVEEssoissoroisshAShASSAhhA波及系数：工作剂驱扫过的油藏体积与油藏总体积之比oioroissSSSAhhA第一节影响采收率的因素洗油效率：在波及范围内驱替出的原油体积与孔隙中原始含油体积之比oiorssoissAhSShAShA％原始地质储量最终累积采油量最终采收率＝100(一)波及系数影响因素：储层的宏观非均质性注采井网对非均质性的适应程度流度比第一节影响采收率的因素(一)波及系数影响因素：储层的宏观非均质性注采井网对非均质性的适应程度流度比第一节影响采收率的因素萨尔图油田某区分小层渗透率和有效厚度剖面图非均质地层中注水前缘位置示意图(一)波及系数影响因素：储层的宏观非均质性注采井网对非均质性的适应程度流度比第一节影响采收率的因素驱替流体流度与被驱替流体流度之比。oowwowKKM被驱替流体流度驱替流体流度对于水驱油系统，水油流度比M定义为：woowKKwororwKK流度：流体在多孔介质中流动时，其有效渗透率与粘度的比值。(一)波及系数第一节影响采收率的因素五点法井网单元流度比对面积波及系数的影响(一)波及系数第一节影响采收率的因素水油流度比与面积波及系数的关系(一)波及系数第一节影响采收率的因素结论波及系数随水油流度比的增大而减小。降低流度比的措施增大μw；减小μo；增大Kro；降低Krw。wororwKKM(一)波及系数影响因素：储层的宏观非均质性流度比注采井网对非均质性的适应程度第一节影响采收率的因素(一)波及系数第一节影响采收率的因素Ev小Ev大(二)驱油效率影响因素：岩石性质及其微观结构和流体性质残余油的多少与分布状况直接与岩石的润湿性、界面张力、岩石的微观结构等有关。第一节影响采收率的因素三、提高采收率的方向第一，通过降低流度比以提高波及系数，同时尽可能适应油层的非均质性，以减少非均质性对驱油过程的不利影响；第二，通过减小界面张力或者消除工作剂与原油间的界面效应以提高驱油效率。第一节影响采收率的因素一次采油二次采油三次采油(强化采油)天然能量依靠物理、机械和力学等宏观作用立足化学、物理化学、物理、热力、生物或联合微观驱油作用应用人工注水人工注气化学驱混相驱热力采油微生物采油物理法采油第二节提高采收率的方法岩石和流体弹性能边底水压能气顶气膨胀能溶解气膨胀能重力能第二节提高采收率的方法各种提高采收率技术的潜力第二节提高采收率的方法包括：聚合物驱、活性剂驱、碱驱和复合驱。一、化学驱油法通过向油藏注入化学剂，以改善流体和岩石间的物化特征，如降低界面张力、改善流度比等，从而提高采收率。原理第二节提高采收率的方法在注入水中加入水溶性高分子聚合物，增加水的粘度，降低水相渗透率，减小流度比M，提高波及系数。此外可以减小粘度指进，提高驱油效率。聚丙烯酰胺部分水解聚丙烯酰胺黄原胶热降解盐降解剪切降解地层吸附驱油机理药剂存在问题聚合物驱第二节提高采收率的方法聚合物驱矿场流程聚合物驱矿场流程聚合物驱矿场流程渗透率变异系数与驱合物驱油效果的关系第二节提高采收率的方法njjkkknk1211不同原油粘度下聚合物驱效果第二节提高采收率的方法注聚扩大区注聚先导区共有注聚井49口，于2003年4月投入注聚，有60口油井见效，累积增油11万吨。见效率67%。第二节提高采收率的方法2002.032062150020622000206225002062300020623500206240002062450020625000415650041570004157500415800041585004159000ST1-0-7ST1-0-71ST1-0-731ST1-0-74ST1-0-740ST1-0-741ST1-0-75ST1-0-76ST1-0-761ST1-0-762ST1-0-771ST1-0-79ST1-0-8ST1-0-83ST1-0-9ST1-0-93ST1-0-94ST1-0N84ST1-0X751ST1-1-10ST1-1-11ST1-1-3ST1-1-30ST1-1-32ST1-1-33ST1-1-35ST1-1-37ST1-1-4ST1-1-411ST1-1-42ST1-1-43ST1-1-44ST1-1-45ST1-1-5ST1-1-51ST1-1-52ST1-1-54ST1-1-55ST1-1-58ST1-1-6ST1-1-64ST1-1-7ST1-1-71ST1-1-711ST1-1-72ST1-1-73ST1-1-733ST1-1-741ST1-1-76ST1-1-78ST1-1-8ST1-1-81ST1-1-82ST1-1-83ST1-1-85ST1-1-87ST1-1-88ST1-1-89ST1-1-9ST1-1N4ST1-1N5ST1-1N8ST1-1N84ST1-1X822ST1-2-101ST1-2-103ST1-2-122ST1-2-123ST1-2-14ST1-2-142ST1-2-23ST1-2-3ST1-2-30ST1-2-31ST1-2-33ST1-2-35ST1-2-4ST1-2-41ST1-2-43ST1-2-5ST1-2-50ST1-2-51ST1-2-511ST1-2-53ST1-2-531ST1-2-54ST1-2-55ST1-2-56ST1-2-57ST1-2-58ST1-2-59ST1-2-590ST1-2-62ST1-2-63ST1-2-66ST1-2-67ST1-2-7ST1-2-70ST1-2-711ST1-2-73ST1-2-8ST1-2-81ST1-2-9ST1-2-91ST1-2-92ST1-2-93ST1-2C61ST1-2N12ST1-2N53ST1-2N8ST1-2X1ST1-2X125ST1-2X143ST1-2X145ST1-2X2ST1-2X38ST1-3-3ST1-3-30ST1-3-32ST1-3-33ST1-3-35ST1-3-37ST1-3-5ST1-3-51ST1-3-52ST1-3-53ST1-3-60ST1-3-61ST1-3-62ST1-3-63ST1-3-64ST1-3-65ST1-3-66ST1-3-71ST1-3-78ST1-3N6ST1-3N61ST1-3N7ST1-3X38ST1-4-5ST1-4-511ST1-4-52ST1-4-53ST1-4-54ST1-4-55ST1-4-57ST1-4-6ST1-4-62ST1-4-63ST1-4-64ST1-4-66ST1-4-67ST1-4-7ST1-4-70ST1-4-71ST1-4-72ST1-4-74ST1-4-9ST1-4N5ST1-4N61ST1-4N71ST1-4N9ST1-5-1ST1-5-2ST1-5-3ST1-5-4ST1-5-6ST1-5-7STNC6STT713STT716STTS106080859092.5951002002.062002.0902.122062150020622000206225002062300020623500206240002062450020625000415650041570004157500415800041585004159000ST1-0-7ST1-0-71ST1-0-731ST1-0-74ST1-0-740ST1-0-741ST1-0-75ST1-0-76ST1-0-761ST1-0-762ST1-0-771ST1-0-79ST1-0-8ST1-0-83ST1-0-9ST1-0-93ST1-0-94ST1-0N84ST1-0X751ST1-1-10ST1-1-11ST1-1-3ST1-1-30ST1-1-32ST1-1-33ST1-1-35ST1-1-37ST1-1-4ST1-1-411ST1-1-42ST1-1-43ST1-1-44ST1-1-45ST1-1-5ST1-1-51ST1-1-52ST1-1-54ST1-1-55ST1-1-58ST1-1-6ST1-1-64ST1-1-7ST1-1-71ST1-1-711ST1-1-72ST1-1-73ST1-1-733ST1-1-741ST1-1-76ST1-1-78ST1-1-8ST1-1-81ST1-1-82ST1-1-83ST1-1-85ST1-1-87ST1-1-88ST1-1-89ST1-1-9ST1-1C82ST1-1N4ST1-1N4ST1-1N5ST1-1N8ST1-1N84ST1-1X822ST1-2-101ST1-2-103ST1-2-122ST1-2-123ST1-2-14ST1-2-142ST1-2-23ST1-2-3ST1-2-30ST1-2-31ST1-2-33ST1-2-35ST1-2-4ST1-2-41ST1-2-43ST1-2-5ST1-2-50ST1-2-51ST1-2-511ST1-2-53ST1-2-531ST1-2-54ST1-2-55ST1-2-56ST1-2-57ST1-2-58ST1-2-59ST1-2-590ST1-2-62ST1-2-63ST1-2-66ST1-2-67ST1-2-7ST1-2-70ST1-2-711ST1-2-73ST1-2-8ST1-2-81ST1-2-9ST1-2-91ST1-2-92ST1-2-93ST1-2C61ST1-2N102ST1-2N12ST1-2N53ST1-2N8ST1-2X1ST1-2X125ST1-2X143ST1-2X145ST1-2X2ST1-2X38ST1-3-3ST1-3-30ST1-3-32ST1-3-33ST1-3-35ST1-3-37ST1-3-5ST1-3-51ST1-3-52ST1-3-53ST1-3-60ST1-3-61ST1-3-62ST1-3-63ST1-3-64ST1-3-65ST1-3-66ST1-3-71ST1-3-78ST1-3N6ST1-3N61ST1-3N7ST1-3X38ST1-4-5ST1-4-511ST1-4-52ST1-4-53ST1-4-54ST1-4-55ST1-4-57ST1-4-6ST1-4-62ST1-4-63ST1-4-64ST1-4-66ST1-4-67ST1-4-7ST1-4-70ST1-4-71ST1-4-72ST1-4-74ST1-4-9ST1-4N5ST1-4N61ST1-4N71ST1-4N9ST1-5-1ST1-5-2ST1-5-3ST1-5-4ST1-5-6ST1-5-7STNC6STT713STT716STTS120621500206220002062250020623000206235002062400020624500206250004156500415700041