生物制气实验与模型研究

华中科技大学硕士学位论文生物制气实验与模型研究姓名：陈飞申请学位级别：硕士专业：环境工程指导教师：廖利20061106I(304)1000.099m3/kgVSpHVBMAPEIIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofsocialeconomyandaccelerationofurbanization,themunicipalsolidwaste(MSW)israpidlyincreasinginChina.DisposalofMSWhadbecomeacrucialproblemwhichaffectedtheenvironmentandhindereddevelopmentofsociety.MSWischaracterizedbyahighcontentoforganiccompoundsandanaerobicdigestionhasbecomeoneoftheacceptedandproventechnologiesforthetreatmentofmunicipalsolidwaste.Contractofothertraditionaldisposaltechnologies,anaerobicdigestiongeneratebiogaswhichmaybeusedasasourceofenergy.Batchco-digestionofmunicipalsolidwasteandnightsoilwascarriedoutfor100daysatroomtemperature(304).Theultimatebiochemicalmethanepotentialofsubstrateswasfoundtobe0.099m3/kgvolatilesolids.Theexperimentalandultimategasyieldobtainedfromsubstratescomparedwellwiththeyieldsobtainedfromfirstorderkineticmodel.Thenamathematicalmodelforanaerobicdigestionofmunicipalgarbageandnightsoilwasdevelopedtodescribethedynamicbehaviorofbatchdigestion.Themicrobialkineticmodelincludesanenzymatichydrolysisstepandfourmicrobialgrowthsteps,togetherwiththeeffectsofsubstratesinhibitionandpHconsideration.Theeffectsofthehydraulicretentiontime,thecompositionoffeed,theinitialconditionsofthereactorsandtheprocessperformancecanbeevaluatedbythedynamicmodel.Themathematicalmodelcanhelptodesignanaerobicdigesterandprovidetheorydirectionforengineeringpractice.Inaddition,human-machineinterfaceisfoundedwithVisualBasicprogramwhichcansimplifycalculationprocess.Atlast,correlationcoefficientandMAPEofthedatederivedofmathematicalmodelandexperimentwerecalculated.Thecalculationresultisfeasibleinpermittedrangeoferror.Andthereasonoferrorisanalyzed.Keywords:anaerobicdigestion,batch,mathematicalmodel_____111.11.496682/3[1,2]605[3,4,5]1.21.2.1[6]21.2.25560[7][8]1.2.3[9][10]1.33040CH4CO21.3.13[11]20[12]1.3.2TS1.3.2.1TS151525[13]510kgVS/m3d4TS2040DrancoKompogasValorgaDranco162050Kompogas23Valorga1.1ADrancoBKompogasCValorga1.1Fig.1.1Differentdigestersdesignsusedindrydigestionsystems515kgVS/m3d511.3.2.3PohlandGhosh[14]10[15]G.M.Vogt[16]SUBBORSuperblueboxrecycling1.261.2SUBBORFig.1.2SUBBORtwo-stageenhanceddigestionprocessformixedMSWSUBBORTS1530550.36m3/kgVS1.3.350100MSW1271.3ABpHCUASBUASBUASB1.3Fig1.3Configurationofleachaterecyclepatternsindifferentbatchsystems40[17]822.1NH3H2H2SN2[18]:+H2OCH4+CO2++NH3+H2S+203060bryant[19]19792.1pH[20]pH[21][22]:CH3COOHCH4+CO2CH3OH+H2CH4+H2OCO2+4H2CH4+2H2OHCOOHHCOOHCO2+H2CO2+4H2CH4+2H2O9phpH[23][24]2.1Fig2.1Threestepsoftheanaerobicdigestionreaction2.2pH2.2.1[25]10[26][27]1020[28]1901.5MPa[29]2.2.2TS2540[30]2.2.33039505545[31,32][33]11pH[34]2.2.4pHpHpH[35]pH[36]pH5.8pH6.2pH6.57.57.07.2pHpH[37,38]2.2.5C:NpHpH253020301[39]2.2.6[40]2.2.7VolatileFattyAcid,VFAVFA12pHpHVFA[41]2.2.8pHSharma[42]0.0880.401.06.030.0mm,0.088mm0.40mm2.32.3.1monodMonod1942SKSs+=maxµµMonodµ(s-1)maxµ(s-1)S(g/l)sk(g/l)Monod123MonodµS22132.2Fig.2.2TherelationshipofbacteriaspecificgrowthrateandrestrictionsubstrateconcentrationSKsSs⋅kmaxµµSskµ=maxµ2.3.2[43][44,45]kSdtdS−=1kS1()ktexp0−=SS2S0mg/l14()0SSVVV=−∞∞3V∞V23()[]ktVV−−=∞exp141533.13.1.1600mm1200mm3.1.2pH1/105343-112%WWTS3-11Wg2Wg2pHpHpH163VS60050013-2()1232)(mmmmVS−−=3-21mg2mg3mg4TOC470.473.1.310030410pH103.1.49000D49000D44LCD173.23.2.11006620.87l3.19000D420.5CO252CH427.5CO2CH43.23.1Fig3.1Thecumulativebiogasproductionofthereactor010002000300040005000600070000102030405060708090100110dl183.2Fig3.2PercentagecontentofCH4andCO23.1683.26050BMPBiochemicalMethanePotentialOwen[46]1979[47]BMPm3/kgVS134.4gVS/l6620.87l52BMP0.099m3/kgVS3.2.2pH10pHpH3.3pH7.850pH7.0VFA01020304050600102030405060708090100110dCO2CH419CO2CO2pH50VFApH7.07.3pH6.58.03.3pHFig3.3pHvaluesofthereactor3.2.32.3.2∞Vk∞V6900l0.0183.46.977.17.27.37.47.57.67.77.87.90102030405060708090100110dpH203.4Fig.3.4TheexperimentalcurveandthepredictedcurveofthemodelR0.9944goodness-of-fitR20.9888010002000300040005000600070000102030405060708090100110dl214[48]pH4.1mXXX=+214-1mmSXSXSX⋅=⋅+⋅22114-222mmNCNSXNSXCSXCSX=⋅⋅+⋅⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅2221112221114-3mmmVSXVSXVSX⋅⋅=⋅⋅+⋅⋅2221114-4mmmmKVSXKVSXKVSX⋅⋅⋅=⋅⋅⋅+⋅⋅⋅222211114-51X1S1C1N1V1Kt%%%%%2X2S2C2N2V2Kt%%%%%mXmSmCmNmVmKt%%%%%4.2295VFApH4.2.1sCisC()sOHC5106()isnNHOHC35106⋅1()()()()()()33510651063510611NHmynmNHOHCyOHCynNHOHCeiseseis−−+⋅−+→⋅2323451yesyenm2is4.2.2VFApH15234567()()OHCOCOOHCHCHCOOHCHCHCOOHCHNOHCNHOHCs22223233275351060254.06909.04409.05.0744.01115.01115.0+++++→+24327523231607.06604.09345.006198.0314.006198.0COCHCOOHCHNOHCOHNHCOOHCHCH+++→++()432752232234425.08909.10653.05543.05543.00653.0CHCOOHCHNOHCOHCONHCOOHCHCH++→+++OHCOCHNOHCNHCOOHCH22427533066.0945.0945.0022.0022.0+++→+2489104.2.3ishkCr=4-6khrg/ldisCg/lkVFAVFAiVFAikVFAkkk,,0+∑=4-7butbutprpracCfCfCVFA++=∑4-80k1−dVFAik,VFAg/lacCg/lprCg/lbutCg/lprfbutfmonod-typeXYrxssµ/=4-9Xrxµ=4-103-7srg/ldµ1−dXg/lxsYxsYpHµssssAACKC+=maxµµ(4-11)25()pHFCKKCKCAPacipriprprsprprAPAP++maxµµ(4-12)()pHFCKKCKCABacibutibutsbutsbutbutABAB++=maxµµ(4-13)()pHFCKKCKCMamiamiamacsacacMM++=maxµµ(4-14)4-11Aµ1−dAmaxµ1−dsCg/lssKMonodg/l4-12APµ1−dAPmaxµ1−dsprKMono