您好,欢迎访问三七文档
当前位置:首页 > 中学教育 > 初中教育 > 2013中考数学压轴题一元二次方程精选解析(二)
第1页共3页2013中考数学压轴题一元二次方程精选解析(二)例4.请阅读下列材料:问题:已知方程x2+x-1=0,求一个一元二次方程,使它的根分别是已知方程根的2倍.解:设所求方程的根为y,则y=2x,所以x=y2.把x=y2代入已知方程,得(y2)2+y2-1=0.[来源:学§科§网Z§X§X§K]化简,得y2+2y-4=0.故所求方程为y2+2y-4=0.[来源:学科网]这种利用方程根的代换求新方程的方法,我们称为“换根法”.请用阅读材料提供的“换根法”求新方程(要求:把所求方程化为一般形式);(1)已知方程x2+x-2=0,求一个一元二次方程,使它的根分别是已知方程根的相反数,则所求方程为:___________________;(2)已知关于x的一元二次方程ax2+bx+c=0(a≠0)有两个不等于零的实数根,求一个一元二次方程,使它的根分别是已知方程根的倒数.解析:(1)y2-y-2=0···················································································2分(2)设所求方程的根为y,则y=1x(x≠0),于是x=1y(y≠0)···················3分把x=1y代入方程ax2+bx+c=0,得a(1y)2+b·1y+c=0·······················4分去分母,得a+by+cy2=0·······························································5分若c=0,有ax2+bx=0,于是方程ax2+bx+c=0有一个根为0,不符合题意∴c≠0,故所求方程为cy2+by+a=0(c≠0)·····································6分例5.已知关于x的一元二次方程x2-(a+b+c)x+ab+bc+ca=0,且a>b>c>0.(1)若方程有实数根,求证:a,b,c不能构成一个三角形的三边长;[来源:Zxxk.Com](2)若方程有实数根x0,求证:b+c<x0<a;(3)若方程的实数根为6和9,求正整数a,b,c的值.解析:(1)∵方程有实数根,∴△=(a+b+c)2-4(ab+bc+ca)≥0∴a2+b2+c2-2ab-2bc-2ca≥0∴a(a-b-c)-b(a+c-b)-c(a+b-c)≥0[来源:Z*xx*k.Com]∴0≤a(a-b-c)-b(a+c-b)-c(a+b-c)<a(a-b-c)∵a>0,∴a-b-c>0,即a>b+c第2页共3页∴a,b,c不能构成一个三角形的三边长········································4分(2)设y=x2-(a+b+c)x+ab+bc+ca则当x=b+c时,y=bc>0;当x=a时,y=bc>0函数y=x2-(a+b+c)x+ab+bc+ca图象的顶点坐标为(a+b+c2,-△4)当x=a+b+c2时,y=-△4≤0由(1)知a>b+c,∴b+c<a+b+c2<a∴方程的实数根在b+c与a之间,即b+c<x0<a····························7分(3)∵方程x2-(a+b+c)x+ab+bc+ca=0的实数根为6和9∴a+b+c=6+9=15,ab+bc+ca=6×9=54∴a2+b2+c2=(a+b+c)2-2(ab+bc+ca)=152-2×54=117<112由(2)知a>9,∴92<a2<112∵a为正整数,∴a=10·······························································8分∴b+c=5,∴10b+bc+10c=54∴bc=54-10(b+c)=54-10×5=4由b+c=5,bc=4及b>c,解得b=4,c=1································10分例6.已知方程x2+2ax+a-4=0有两个不同的实数根,方程x2+2ax+k=0也有两个不同的实数根,且其两根介于方程x2+2ax+a-4=0的两根之间,求k的取值范围.解析:∵方程x2+2ax+a-4=0有两个不同的实数根∴△1>0,而△1=4a2-4(a-4)=4(a-12)2+15≥15······························1分又∵方程x2+2ax+k=0也有两个不同的实数根∴△2=4a2-4k>0,即k<a2·······················································3分[来源:学科网ZXXK]对于二次函数y1=x2+2ax+a-4和y2=x2+2ax+k,它们的对称轴相同,且与x轴都有两个不同的交点∵y2与x轴的两个交点都在y1与x轴的两个交点之间∴y2与y轴的交点在y1与y轴的交点上方,如图····································4分∴k>a-4······················································································5分∴k的取值范围是:a-4<k<a2·························································6分Oxy(0,k)(0,a-4)y2y1第3页共3页
本文标题:2013中考数学压轴题一元二次方程精选解析(二)
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2934228 .html