基于虚拟样机的汽车平顺性仿真分析研究

专业硕士学位论文基于虚拟样机的汽车平顺性仿真分析研究郭保杰导师姓名职称马骊溟副教授申请学位级别硕士专业领域名称车辆工程论文提交日期2014年5月4日论文答辩日期2014年6月7日学位授予单位长安大学分类号:U27；U4610710-2012222053SimulationAnalysisandResearchofRideComfortForVehicleBasedonVirtualPrototypeADissertationSubmittedfortheDegreeofMasterCandidate：GuoBaojieSupervisor：Prof.MaLimingChang’anUniversity,Xi’an,Chinai摘要汽车平顺性是影响乘坐舒适性的重要因素之一，也是同类汽车在市场竞争中是否具有优势的一个重要指标。随着科学技术的发展，动力学分析软件在汽车设计、制造等领域得到广泛应用。采用ADAMS等多体动力学软件对汽车进行动力学仿真分析，在产品设计阶段对汽车平顺性加以预测和评价，是提高产品设计质量、降低产品研制成本的重要手段。论文首先着重介绍了ADAMS软件，并对多体系统动力学的基本理论做了详细阐述，然后针对某轿车利用ADAMS软件的Car模块建立了包括前后悬架、车身、转向、轮胎等子系统在内的整车模型。其次，在总结国际标准ISO2631和我国平顺性评价的国家标准的基础上，确定了用于本文平顺性分析的综合评价方法。随后在以ADAMS/CarRide模块的四柱试验台为基础所建立的随机路面及三角脉冲路面上进行了不同的速度的平顺性仿真试验，得到了座椅处三个轴向的加速度曲线，并求出加权加速度均方根值，将该值与相关标准进行了比较，从而得到了该车的平顺性情况。最后，从悬架的刚度和阻尼出发，提出了平顺性的改进方案，并再次对该车进行了仿真分析。总之，本文确定了一种基于虚拟样机技术的车辆平顺性分析评价方法，通过仿真试验评价了汽车的平顺性，进而探讨了平顺性的改进方案。结果表明：该车在中、低车速下平顺性良好，而高速下有待改进，而通过提出改进方案优化后，整车平顺性得到了明显的改善。关键词：平顺性，虚拟样机，多体系统动力学，仿真优化iiAbstractVehicleridecomfortisoneoftheimportantfactorsaffectingtheridecomfort,andalsooneofimportantindicatoradvantageinsimilarcarsinthemarketcompetition.Inproductdesignstage,thepredictionandevaluationofvehicleridequalityisanimportantmeans,whichcontributestoimproveproductdesignqualityandreduceproductdevelopmentcosts.Firstly,thedissertationexpoundsthebasictheoryofADAMSsoftwareanddescribesthebasictheoryofmulti-bodysystemindetail,thenassemblesthevehiclevirtualprototypemodeincludingfrontandrearsuspension,body,steering,thetireandsooninADAMS/Carmodule.Furthermore,basedontheanalysisontheinternationalstandardISO2631andthenationalstandardsonrideevaluation,theevaluationindexesusedinthisthesisarechosen.Andthen,SimulationofthemodelunderrandominputandpulsearecarriedoutsuccessfullyinthefourpillartestbedofADAMS/CarRide.TheirweightedRMScanalsobecalculatedforridecomfortanalysis.andtherideperformanceofthecarcanbeacquired.Atlast,fromtheaspectofsuspensionparametermatching,severalsolutionsaboutimprovingtheridecomfortperformancearepresented,andthefeasibilityofeachsolutionisanalyzed,respectively.Tosumup,thisthesispracticedthemethodofcarrideevaluationbasedonthevirtualprototypetechnology,andthecarrideisevaluatedbysimulation,andfurther,thesolutionsofimprovingthecarrideisdiscussedindepth.Theresultsshowsthatthecarhasagoodridecomfortatlowandmiddlespeed,therideperformanceathighspeedneedstobeimproved,vehicleridecomforthasbeensignificantlyimprovedbyoptimizingcaraccordingtoimprovementprogram.Keywords:Carride;Virtualprototype;Multi-bodysystemdynamics;SimulationandOptimizationiii目录第一章绪论.................................................................................................................11.1引言.................................................................................................................11.2研究的目的与意义.........................................................................................11.3汽车平顺性的国内外研究概况.....................................................................31.4本文研究的主要内容.....................................................................................7第二章ADAMS软件概述与多体系统动力学理论..................................................82.1ADAMS软件简介...........................................................................................82.2ADAMS软件的模块.......................................................................................82.3ADAMS设计流程...........................................................................................92.4ADAMS的分析和计算方法.........................................................................102.4.1广义坐标选择.....................................................................................102.4.2ADAMS运动学分析.............................................................................102.4.3ADAMS动力学分析.............................................................................102.4.4初始条件分析.....................................................................................132.5多体系统动力学理论...................................................................................142.5.1多体系统动力学基本理论.................................................................152.5.2多体系统动力学建模.........................................................................152.5.3多体系统动力学方程.........................................................................162.5.4多体系统动力学方程的求解.............................................................172.5.5多体系统动力学中的刚性问题.........................................................18第三章整车虚拟样机的建立...................................................................................193.1ADMAS/Car建模的基本原理和步骤..........................................................193.1.1ADMAS/Car建模的基本原理..............................................................193.1.2ADAMS/Car建模步骤..........................................................................193.2整车系统分析...............................................................................................203.3前悬架模型...................................................................................................213.4后悬架模型...............................