2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题(22)

-1-2014高考英语阅读理解抓分练习题（22）及答案C7[2012·重庆卷]EInhis1930essay“EconomicPossibilitiesforOurGrandchildren”，JohnKeynes，afamouseconomist,wrotethathumanneedsfallintotwoclasses:absoluteneeds,whichareindependentofwhatothershave,andrelativeneeds,whichmakeusfeelsuperiortoourfellows.Hethoughtthatalthoughrelativeneedsmayindeedbeinsatiable(无止境的),thisisnottrueofabsoluteneeds.Keyneswassurelycorrectthatonlyasmallpartoftotalspendingisdecidedbythedesireforsuperiority.Hewasgreatlymistaken,however,inseeingthisdesireastheonlysourceofinsatiabledemands.Decisionstospendarealsodrivenbyideasofqualitywhichcaninfluencethedemandforalmostallgoods,includingevenbasicgoodslikefood.Whenacouplegoesoutforananniversarydinner,forexample,thethoughtoffeelingsuperiortoothersprobablynevercomestothem.Theirgoalistoshareaspecialmealthatstandsoutfromothermeals.Therearenoobviouslimitstotheescalationofdemandsforquality.Forexample,Porsche,afamouscarproducer,hasamodelwhichwasconsideredperhapsthebestsportscaronthemarket.Pricedatover$120,000,ithandlesperfectlywellandhasgreatspeedacceleration.Butin2004,theproducerintroducedsomechangeswhichmadethemodelslightlybetterinhandlingandacceleration.Peoplewhoreallycareaboutcarsfindthesesmallimprovementsexciting.Togetthem,however,theymustpayalmostfourtimestheprice.Byplacingthedesiretobesuperiortoothersattheheartofhisdescriptionofinsatiabledemands,Keynesactuallyreducedsuchdemands.However,thedesireforhigherqualityhasnonaturallimits.72.Accordingtothepassage,JohnKeynesbelievedthat________.A.desireistherootofbothabsoluteandrelativeneedsB.absoluteneedscomefromoursenseofsuperiorityC.relativeneedsaloneleadtoinsatiabledemandsD.absoluteneedsarestrongerthanrelativeneeds73.WhatdoweknowaboutthecoupleinParagraph3?A.Theywanttoshowtheirsuperiority.B.Theyfindspecialtyimportanttomeals.C.Theirdemandsforfoodarenoteasilysatisfied.-2-D.Theirchoiceofdinnerisrelatedtoideasofquality.74.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“escalation”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Understanding.B.Increase.C.Difference.D.Study.75.Theauthorofthepassagearguesthat________.A.absoluteneedshavenolimitsB.demandsforqualityarenotinsatiableC．humandesiresinfluenceideasofqualityD.relativeneedsdecidemostofourspending【要点综述】本文就人的需要的分类进行了论述。作者首先叙述了对JohnKeynes观点的部分认同，但其后则是对其观点的批驳。该文作者认为，人的需要在很大程度上是对质量的无尽追求。72.C细节理解题。短文第一段最后一句说明JohnKeynes需要论的观点：相对需要是无止境的。73.D推理判断题。从该段第一句可知作者在该段一再强调的是质量需求的重要性。这对夫妇在外面就餐庆祝结婚周年即体现了对该顿晚餐的选择与对其质量的要求相关。74.B词义猜测题。从该段材料对保时捷的改进及人们对此改进趋之若鹜的追求来看，人们对质量需求是不断提高的。因此可断定该词含义为“提高”。75.A推理判断题。第一段对JohnKeynes关于absoluteneeds的观点进行了肯定和质疑，而下文提出质量需求是无止境的。该题主要说明作者对JohnKeynes关于relativeneeds是无止境的论断的质疑。干扰最大的是B选项，该观点是作者的观点，而不是被质疑的观点。该题题干中的argue在此是“质疑和争辩”的意思。YaoYunchun,a24-year-oldauthorwhofrequentlyshopsonlineinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,hasneverbeensoimpatientforherparcelsassheisnow.Shehasbeencountingeverydaywhileshewaitsfortheproductssheorderedtoarrive,asmanydeliverieshavebeendelayedoverthepastmonth.“IttookmorethanaweekforoneofmyparcelstoarrivefromBeijingwhile,inthepast,ittookonlyfourdays,”saidYao.SheisjustoneofthemanywholikeshoppingonTaobao.com,thecountry’slargest-3-onlineshoppingsite,whichhaspostedapologeticannouncementstocustomersforthedelaysindeliveries.“Manyparcelsarestillattheairportandcannotbedeliveredontime,butIthinkIwilldomybest.”Taobaoclothesretailer(零售商)IMShopsaidonitswebsite.Meanwhile,majorexpressdeliverycompaniesinChinahaveputupnoticessayingtheyarereadytocopewiththedelayinrecentdays.“Itwasmainlycausedbyabigincreaseinonlineshoppingordersbecauseofdiscountsofferedbye-commercecompanies,”saidChenShousong,ananalystwithdomesticresearchcompanyAnalysisInternational.TaobaoMall,thecountry’slargestbusiness-to-customershoppingsitebymarketshare,forexample,rolledoutalarge-scalediscountonNovember11inwhich150brandssoldtheirproductsathalfprice.Thediscountattractedtheattentionofmanye-shoppingenthusiastswhospent936millionyuan($142million)injustoneday.Therecentshortageofdieseloil,whichrestrictsdeliveryvehicles’capacity,andbadweatherconditionsinNorthChina,alsoaddedtoanalreadyoverloadedexpressdeliverymarket.Bottlenecksindeliveryoftenappearbeforelongholidays,suchasthecomingChristmasandNewYearholidaysandtheChinesetraditionalSpringFestivalholiday.Deliveryemployeesoftenquittheirjobsatthattimewhenfacedwithlotsofworkandlowpay.Sosomeexpressdeliverycompaniesareapplyingtobuildtheirownteams,evenairlines.64.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.WaitingforthePostmanImpatientlyB.ShoppingonTaobao.comConvenientlyC.ArguingwithRetailersOnlineHeatedlyD.SufferingfromLarge-scaleDiscounts-4-65.Whyweremanydeliveriesdelayedlastmonth?A.Theairportdidn’tperformtheirdutyproperly.B.Somecustomersdidn’tpayenoughmoney.C.Salesvolumeinonlineshoppinggoesuprapidly.D.Deliverycompaniesareshortofvehicles.【答案】C【解析】根据第三段Itwasmainlycausedbyabigincreaseinonlineshoppingordersbecauseofdiscountsofferedbye-commercecompanies,送货慢的原因是意为商家打折，网上订单剧增造成的，可知C为正确答案。【考点定位】考查细节理解能力。66.Theunderlinedword“enthusiasts”hasthesamemeaningwith.A.retailersB.customersC.providersD.owners67.Whatwouldbecontinuedwiththepassage?A.Toattractmorenewdeliveryemployees.B.Toca