2014高考英语阅读理解答案解析八

2014高考英语阅读理解答案解析八(2011·山东卷，A)ArthurMiller(1915­2005)isuniversallyrecognizedasoneofthegreatestdramatistsofthe20thcentury.Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria­Hungary,drawnlikesomanyothersbythe“GreatAmericanDream”.However,heexperiencedseverefinancialhardshipwhenhisfamilybusinesswasruinedintheGreatDepressionoftheearly1930s.Miller'smostfamousplay,DeathofaSalesman,isapowerfulattackontheAmericansystem,withitsaggressivewayofdoingbusinessanditsinsistenceonmoneyandsocialstatusasindicatorsofworth.InWillyLoman,theherooftheplay,weseeamanwhohasgotintotroublewiththissystem.Willyis“burntout”andinthecruelworldofbusinessthereisnoroomforsentiment:ifhecan'tdothework,thenheisnogoodtohisemployer,theWagnerCompany,andhemustgo.Willyispainfullyawareofthis,andatalossastowhattodowithhislackofsuccess.Herefusestofacethefactthathehasfailedandkillshimselfintheend.Whenitwasfirststagedin1949,theplaywasgreetedwithenthusiasticreviews，anditwontheTonyAwardforBestPlay，theNewYorkDramaCritics'CircleAward,andthePulitzerPrizeforDrama.Itwasthefirstplaytowinallthreeofthesemajorawards.MillerdiedofheartfailureathishomeinRoxbury，Connecticut,ontheeveningofFebruary10,2005,the56thanniversaryofthefirstperformanceofDeathofaSalesmanonBroadway.本文讲述了亚瑟·米勒，美国著名的剧作家，以及他的著名的戏剧《男售货员之死》，当这部戏剧第一次搬上舞台时，赢得了巨大的成功，获得了三项大奖。4.WhydidArthurMiller'sfathermovetotheUSA?A.Hesufferedfromseverehungerinhishomecountry.B.Hewasattractedbythe“GreatAmericanDream”．C.Hehopedtomakehissonadramatist.D.Hisfamilybusinessfailed.答案：B。细节理解题。根据短文第一段第二句话“Miller'sfatherhadmovedtotheUSAfromAustria­Hungary，drawnlikesomanyothersbythe‘GreatAmericanDream’．”可知答案。5．TheplayDeathofaSalesman________.A.exposesthecrueltyoftheAmericanbusinessworldB.discussesthewaystogetpromotedinacompanyC.talksaboutthebusinesscareerofArthurMillerD.focusesontheskillsindoingbusiness答案：A。细节理解题。根据短文第二段第三、四句话可知，WillyLoman已陷入美国社会制度的困境中，他已精疲力尽，在这残酷的商业世界中，他不知道应该怎样做，最后，他选择了自杀。由此可知A项正确。6.WhatcanwelearnaboutWillyLoman?A.Hetreatshisemployerbadly.B.HerunstheWagnerCompany.C.HeisavictimoftheAmericansystem.D.Heisregardedasaherobyhiscolleagues.答案：C。推理判断题。由短文第二段可知，WillyLoman在这残酷的商业世界中，根本没有情感可言，但是他又不能对不起他的雇主和公司，他又不知道如何处理自己的失败，只有选择自杀，由此可知他是美国社会制度的牺牲品。7.Afteritwasfirststaged,DeathofaSalesman________.A.achievedhugesuccessB.wonthefirstTonyAwardC.waswarmlywelcomedbysalesmenD.wasseverelyattackedbydramatists答案：A。细节理解题。由短文第三段可知，戏剧DeathofaSalesman第一次搬上舞台，就赢得了三项大奖，故A项正确。8.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ArthurMillerandhisfamily.B.TheawardsArthurMillerwon.C.ThehardshipArthurMillerexperienced.D.ArthurMillerandhisbest­knownplay.[来源:Zxxk.Com]答案：D。主旨大意题。综观全文可知，本文主要讲述了亚瑟·米勒及他的名著DeathofaSalesman，故D项正确。(2011·江苏卷，A)Weknowthefamousones—theThomasEdisonsandtheAlexanderGrahamBells—butwhataboutthelessfamousinventors?Whataboutthepeoplewhoinventedthetrafficlightandthewindshieldwiper(雨刮器)？Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare?JoanMcLeanthinksso.Infact,McLean,aprofessorofphysicsatMountainUniversityinRange,feelssostronglyaboutthismatterthatshe'sdevelopedacourseonthetopic.Inadditiontolearning“who”invented“what”，however,McLeanalsolikesherstudentstolearntheanswerstothe“why”and“how”questions.AccordingtoMcLean，“Whenstudentslearntheanswerstothesequestions,theyarebetterpreparedtorecognizeopportunitiesforinventingandmoremotivatedtogiveinventingatry.”Herstudentsagree.OneyoungmanwithapatentforanunbreakableumbrellaiswalkingproofofMcLean'sstatement.“IfIhadnotheardthestoryofthewindshieldwiper'sinvention，”saidTommyLee,aseniorphysicsmajor，“Ineverwouldhavedreamedofturningmybadexperienceduringarainstormintosomethingsoconstructive.”Leeiscurrentlynegotiatingtosellhispatenttoanumbrellaproducer.So,justwhatisthestorybehindthewindshieldwiper?Well，MaryAndersoncameupwiththeideain1902afteravisittoNewYorkCity.Thedaywascoldandstormy,butAndersonstillwantedtoseethesights，soshejumpedaboardastreetcar.Noticingthatthedriverwasstrugglingtoseethroughthesnowcoveringthewindshield，shefoundherselfwonderingwhytherecouldn'tbeabuilt­indeviceforcleaningthewindow.StillwonderingaboutthiswhenshereturnedhometoBirmingham,Alabama,Andersonstarteddraftingoutsolutions.Oneofherideas,alever(操作杆)ontheinsideofavehiclethatwouldcontrolanarmontheoutside,becamethefirstwindshieldwiper.Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.It'shardtoimaginedrivingwithoutGarrettA．Morgan'strafficlight.It'sequallyimpossibletopictureaworldwithoutKatherineJ．Blodgett'sinnovationthatmakesglassinvisible.Canyoupicturelifewithoutclearwindowsandeyeglasses?大发明家与重要的发明固然令人振奋，但生活中也离不开小发明，本篇文章鼓励年轻人要善于把握发明的契机。9．Bymentioning“trafficlight”and“windshieldwiper”，theauthorindicatesthatcountlessinventionsare________.A.beneficial，becausetheirinventorsarefamousB.beneficial，thoughtheirinventorsarelessfamousC.notuseful,becausetheirinventorsarelessfamousD.notuseful,thoughtheirinventorsarefamous答案：B。细节理解题。由文章最后一段，特别是第一句“Todaywebenefitfromcountlessinventionsandinnovations.”可知信号灯和雨刮器等这些小的发明使我们受益。第一段最后一句“Shouldn'tweknowwhotheyare？”意思是“难道我们不该知道他们(发明者)是谁吗？”可知发明者不怎么出名。10．ProfessorJoanMcLean'scourseaimsto________.A.addcolourandvarietytostudents'campuslifeB.informstudentsofthewindshieldwip