2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练(18)及解析

-1-2014高考英语阅读理解精品训练（18）及解析C5DMarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise：themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.Isaycleverbecauseanti－slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe'sUncleTom'sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.Againandagain，inthepostwaryears，Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain'snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn，Twain'smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(贫民窟)．”MorerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseofthecharacterJim，theescapedslave，andmanyoccurencesofthewordnigger.(ThetermNiggerJim，forwhichthenovelisoftenseverelycriticized，neverappearsinit.)Buttheattackswereandaresilly—andmissthepoint.Thenovelisstronglyanti－slavery.Jim'ssearchthroughtheslavestatesforthefamilyfromwhomhehasbeenforciblypartedisheroic.AsJ．Chadwickhaspointedout,thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfiction—arecognitionthattheslavehadtwopersonalities,“thevoiceofsurvivalwithinawhiteslavecultureandthevoiceoftheindividual：Jim,thefatherandtheman.”Thereismuchmore.Twain'smysterynovelPudd'nheadWilsonstoodasachallengetotheracialbeliefsofevenmanyoftheliberalsofhisday.WrittenatatimewhentheacceptedwisdomheldNegroestobeinferior(低等的)towhites，especiallyinintelligence，Twain'stalecenteredinpartaroundtwobabiesswitchedatbirth.Aslavegavebirthtohermaster'sbabyand，forfearthatthechildshouldbesoldSouth,switchedhimforthemaster'sbabybyhiswife.Theslave'slight－skinnedchildwastakentobewhiteandgrewupwithboththeattitudesandtheeducationoftheslave－holdingclass.Themaster'swife'sbabywastakenforblackandgrewupwiththeattitudesandintonationsoftheslave.Thepointwasdifficulttomiss：nurture(养育)，notnature，wasthekeytosocialstatus.Thefeaturesoftheblackmanthatprovidedthestuffofprejudice—mannerofspeech，forexample—were,toTwain,indicativeofnothingotherthantheconditioningthatslaveryforcedonitsvictims.Twain'sracialtonewasnotperfect.Oneisleftuneasy，forexample，bythelengthypassageinhis-2-autobiography(自传)abouthowmuchhelovedwhatwerecalled“niggershows”inhisyouth—mostlywithwhitemenperforminginblack－face—andhisdelightingettinghismothertolaughatthem.YetthereisnoreasontothinkTwainsawtheshowsasrepresentingreality.Hisfrequentattacksonslaveryandprejudicesuggesthiskeenawarenessthattheydidnot.WasTwainaracist？Askingthequestioninthe21stcenturyisaswiseasaskingthesameofLincoln.Ifwereadthewordsandattitudesofthepastthroughthe“wisdom”oftheconsideredmoraljudgmentsofthepresent，wewillfindnothingbuterror.Lincoln，whobelievedtheblackmantheinferiorofthewhite,foughtandwonawartofreehim.AndTwain,raisedinaslavestate,brieflyasoldier，andinventorofJim，mayhavedonemoretoangerthenationoverracialinjusticeandawakenitscollectiveconsciencethananyothernovelistinthepastcentury.65．HowdoTwain'snovelsonslaverydifferfromStowe's?A．Twainwasmorewillingtodealwithracism.B．Twain'sattackonracismwasmuchlessopen.C．Twain'sthemesseemedtoagreewithplots.D．Twainwasopenlyconcernedwithracism.66．RecentcriticismofAdventuresofHuckleberryFinnarosepartlyfromits________．A．targetreadersatthebottomB．anti－slaveryattitudeC．ratherimpolitelanguageD．frequentuseof“nigger”67．WhatbestprovesTwain'santi－slaverystandaccordingtotheauthor?A．Jim'ssearchforhisfamilywasdescribedindetail.B．Theslave'svoicewasfirstheardinAmericannovels.C．Jimgrewupintoamanandafatherinthewhiteculture.D．Twainsuspectedthattheslaveswerelessintelligent.68．Thestoryoftwobabiesswitchedmainlyindicatesthat________．A．slaveswereforcedtogiveuptheirbabiestotheirmastersB．slaves'babiescouldpickupslave－holders'wayofspeakingC．blacks'socialpositionwasshapedbyhowtheywerebroughtupD．blackswerebornwithcertainfeaturesofprejudice69．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“they”inParagraph7referto?A．Theattacks.-3-B．Slaveryandprejudice.C．Whitemen.D．Theshows.70．Whatdoestheauthormainlyarguefor?A．Twainhaddonemorethanhiscontemporarywriterstoattackracism.B．TwainwasanadmirablefigurecomparabletoAbrahamLincoln.C．Twain'sworkshadbeenbannedonunreasonablegrounds.D．Twain'sworksshouldbereadfromahistoricalpointofview.【要点综述】本篇为说明文，谈到马克·吐温的小说是否对奴隶制和偏见进行了反抗，以及它受到不同人士的批评情况。65．B推理判断题。由第二段的“Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.”可知，马克·吐温把对奴隶制和偏见的攻击融在故事中，隐晦地表达。而早期小说是直接攻击方式(dealtdirectlywithslavery)，因此B项说他的小说对种族主义制度的攻击非常不明显是恰当的。A项文章没有提及；C项与题干无关，答非所问；D项文章没有提及。66．D推理判断题。根据关键词AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn定位到第三段。由“Morerecentlythebookhasbeenattackedbecauseof…manyoccurencesofthewordnigger.”可知答案。A项中的targetreaders错误，文章没有说到；B项不符合文意；C项中的impolitelanguage范围过广，文章只是说到批评者对nigger一词的出现感到不满。67．C细节理解题。由第四段的末句“…thecharacterofJimwasafirstinAmericanfic