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2016职称英语新增文章五篇补全短文删除文章(共五篇)补全短文新增文章(共五篇)第二篇TheWord'sLongestBridge第二篇BabyTalk第三篇ReinventingtheTable第三篇CommonQuestionsAboutDreams第六篇DungtoDeath第六篇TheApgarTest第七篇TimeintheAnimalWorld第七篇IceCreamTasterHasSweetJob第十四篇RoboticHighwayCones第十四篇PrimeronSmell1.PrimeronSmellInadditiontobringingout1theflavoroffood,whatdoesthesenseofsmelldoforus?Smell“givesusinformationaboutplace,aboutwhereweare,”saysRandallReed,aJohnsHopkinsUniversityprofessorwhosespecialtyisthesenseofsmell.___1___“Whetherwerealizeitornot,wecollectalotofinformationaboutwhoisaroundusbasedonsmell,”saysReed.Evenatadistance,odorscanwarnusof2trouble—spoiledfood,leakinggas,orfire.“It’sagreatalert,”offersDonaldLeopold,adoctoratJohnsHopkins.Forexample,ifsomethingintheovenisburning,everyoneinthehouseknowsit.Withjustasimplescent,smellcanalsoevokeveryintenseemotion.Let’ssay,forexample,thatthesmellispurplepetunias.___2___Nowlet’simaginethatyourmotherdiedwhenyouwerethree,andsheusedtohaveaflowergarden.Youwouldn’tneedtoidentifythesmellortohaveconsciousmemoriesofyourmotherorhergarden.Youwouldfeelsadassoonasyousmelledthatspicyodor.Comparedwith3animals,howwelldopeopledetectsmelts?Thatdependsonwhatyoumeanby“howwell”.Wearelowonreceptorcells:currentestimatessaythathumanshaveroughlyfivemillionsmell-receptorcells,aboutasmanyasamouse.___3___Reedsaysthat,acrossspecies,thereisarelativelygoodcorrelationbetweenthenumberofreceptorcellsandhowstrongthesenseofsmellis.“Youcanhardlyfindtheolfactorybulbinahumanbrain——it’sapea-sizedobject.Inamouse,it’salittlebigger.It’sbean-sizedinarat,aboutthesizeofyourlittlefingerinarabbit,andthesizeofyourthumbinabloodhound.”Doesthatmeanthatoursenseofsmellisnotveryacute?Notexactly.Whilewemaynothavetheolfactoryrangeofothercreatures,thereceptorswedohaveareassensitiveasthoseofanyanimal.___4___Atrained“nose”,suchasthatofaprofessionalintheperfumebusiness,cannameanddistinguishabout10,000odors.Reedsaysthataperfumeexpertcansniffamodemscentthathasahundreddifferentodorantsinit,gointothelab,andlisttheingredients.“Inamodestamountoftime,hecomesbackwithwhattoyouormewouldsmelllikeaperfectimitationofthatperfume.It’samazing.”Whathappensto4oursenseofsmellasweage?Manypeoplecontinuetohavegoodolfactoryfunctionastheygetolder.___5___Leopoldsaysthatsmellisgenerallyhighestinchildhood,staysthesamefromtheteensthroughthe50s,anddropsstartingatabout60forwomenand65formen.“Theaverage80-year-oldisonlyabletosmellthingshalfaswellastheaverage20-year-old,”saysLeopold.词汇:scent/sent/n.气味,香味petunia/pə'tju:niə/n.喇叭花olfactory/ɔl'fækt(ə)ri/adj.嗔觉的,味道的sniff/snif/v.嗅,闻,用力吸注释:1.bringout:使……显出,使……变得明显2.warnof:发出关于……的警告。warnsb.ofsth.:警告某人某事3.comparewith:与……相比4.happento:发生于,发生在练习:ATheseflowershavearichspicinessthatnootherpetuniahas.BOdors,orsmells,canwarnusabouttrouble.CThat’snottherule,however.DAndsmelltellsusaboutpeople.EWecanalsothink,andwemakeconscious(andsuccessful)effortstotellthedifferencebetweenonesmellandanother.FArathassome10million,arabbit20million,andabloodhound100million.答案与题解:1.D根据后文提到的“我们能够根据气味收集到有关人的很多信息”可以推断此处答案是D选项。2.A前文提到以紫喇叭花的香味举例,选项中只有A选项提到了喇叭花。3.F前文提到人类和小鼠的嗅觉受体细胞数量,可以推断此处应介绍其他物种的嗅觉受体细胞数量。4.E后文都在介绍人类可以区分味道的不同,所以此处E选项最符合原文意思。5.C后文介绍了不是每个人都随着年龄的增长嗅觉能力不发生变化,所以此处C选项最符合原文。参考译文:嗅觉入门嗅觉除了能让我们感受到食物的气味外,还能做什么?美国约翰霍普金斯大学研究嗅觉的专家RandallReed教授指出,气味能提供给我们关于位置,关于我们在哪儿,以及有关人的信息。“无论我们是否意识到,我们能根据气味收集到许多关于谁在我们身边的信息,”Reed讲道。即使还隔着一段距离,气味就能提醒我们注意很多麻烦:变质的食物,煤气泄漏,或是火灾。“它是一个很好的警告,”约翰霍普金斯大学的医生DonaldLeopold说道。比方说,烤箱中有东西烧焦了,屋内的每个人都会知道。仅仅是简单的气味,嗅觉就会引起强烈的情感。比如说那种气味就是紫喇叭花。它的气味中有一种其他喇叭花没有的香味。现在我们想象一下,你的母亲在你3岁时就去世了,她曾经拥有一座花园。你不必去辨认那种气味或者有意识地回忆起你的母亲或者她的花园,只要是你闻到那种紫喇叭花的香味,你就会感到伤感。与动物相比,人类感知气味的能力有多强?那要取决于你所谓的“多强”是什么意思。我们人类的受体细胞很少:目前估计人类有大概500万个嗅觉受体细胞,差不多和一只小鼠的一样多。一只大鼠大约有1000万个,一只兔子有2000万个,一只寻血犬有1亿个。Reed谈到,在不同的物种中,受体细胞的数量和嗅觉的强弱大体是正相关的。“人的大脑中是几乎找不到嗅球的,它像豌豆般大小。小鼠的脑中,嗅球大一点。大鼠的脑中,嗅球有蚕豆那么大,兔子脑中的有你的小手指那么大,而寻血犬脑中的有拇指那么大。”这是不是就意味着我们的嗅觉不够敏锐呢?不完全是。尽管我们的嗅觉范围可能没有其他生物的那么广,但是我们已有的受体细胞和其他动物的一样敏感。我们也可以认为,我们在有意(并且成功地〕努力区别不同的气味。受过培训的鼻子,比如研究香水的专家的鼻子就能够区分1万种气味并说出其名字。Reed说,一个香水专家可以在闻完一种含有100种不同香料的现代香水后,走进实验室,列出这些成分。“一段时间过后,他调制出来的气味对于你我来说都是那种香水气味的完美复制,太不可思议了。”随着年龄的增长,我们的嗅觉会发生什么变化?许多人年龄增大时还会有很好的嗅觉能力。但并不都是这样。指出,一个人的嗅觉在儿童时最强,在青少年时期一直到50多岁都保持不变,女人通常从60岁、男人从65岁开始下降。“通常来说,80岁的人能闻到的东西是20岁的人能闻到的一半,”Leopold说道。2.IceCreamTasterHasSweetJobJohnHarrisonhaswhatmustbethemostwantedjobintheUnitedStates.He’stheofficialtasterforEdy’sGrandIceCream,oneofthenation’sbest-sellingbrands.Harrison’stastebudsareinsuredfor$1million.___1___Andwhenheisn’tdoingthat,hetravels,buyingEdy’sinsupermarketsalloverthecountrysothathecancheckforperfectappearance,texture,andflavor.AfterIinterviewedHarrison,Irealizedthatthelifeofanicecreamtasterisn’tallCookies’nCream—aflavorthat*heinvented,bytheway.No,it’sextremelyhardwork,whichrequiresdisciplineandselflessness.Foronething,hedoesn’tswallowonthejob.Likeacoffeetaster,Harrisonspits.Usingagoldspoontoavoid“off”flavors,hetakesasmallbiteandmovesitaroundinhismouthtointroduceittoall9,000orsotastebuds.___2___Thenhebreathesingentlytobringthearomaupthroughthebackofhisnose.EachstephelpsHarrisonevaluatewhethertheicecreamhasagoodbalanceofdairy,sweet
本文标题:2016职称英语新增文章五篇
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