生物质资源利用与中国环境保护BiomassUtilizat

BiomassUtilizationBiomassUtilizationandEnvironmentalProtectionandEnvironmentalProtectionofChinaofChina孔源孔源工学博士工学博士//主任科员主任科员中国国家环境保护总局中国国家环境保护总局自然生态保护司自然生态保护司KongYuanKongYuanPh.D./SeniorProjectOfficerPh.D./SeniorProjectOfficerDepartmentofNatureandEcologyConservation,StateEnvironmentDepartmentofNatureandEcologyConservation,StateEnvironmentalalProtectionAdministrationofChinaProtectionAdministrationofChinaBriefBriefBiomassresourceofChina;BiomassresourceofChina;MainwaysofbiomassutilizationinChina;MainwaysofbiomassutilizationinChina;„„(Straws)(Straws)„„(Biogas)(Biogas)BiomassutilizationwithChinaenvironmentalprotection;BiomassutilizationwithChinaenvironmentalprotection;LawandpolicysystemsofbiomassutilizationinChina;LawandpolicysystemsofbiomassutilizationinChina;;;Actionplansofus,SEPAofChina.Actionplansofus,SEPAofChina.ChinahasabundantandlargeamountofbiomassChinahasabundantandlargeamountofbiomasszz77zz27273636zz120120CODCODzzzz24.26%36.39%16.17%7.01%16.17%IndoorAirPollutionCausedbyStrawDirectCombustioninIndoorAirPollutionCausedbyStrawDirectCombustioninChinaRuralAreasChinaRuralAreas7070(())0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%PM_2.5SO_2CO(PowerPlantbyStraw(PowerPlantbyStrawConsumptions)Consumptions)(StrawGasificationforhousehold(StrawGasificationforhouseholdcooking)cooking)————ControlIndoorAirPollutionControlIndoorAirPollution(MadeintoGranuleFuel)(MadeintoGranuleFuel)————IncreaseburningefficiencyofstrawIncreaseburningefficiencyofstrawConsumptionsofStrawConsumptionsofStrawUtilizationwaysofStrawBiomassUtilizationwaysofStrawBiomass1.AnimatedStrawasAnimalFeed.2.StrawbeusedasFertilizerdirectly.3.StrawBiogasorGasificationforfuelorbemadeintoGranuleFuel.4.AlcoholmakingfromStraw.5.UsedasNewStructuralMaterial.UtilizationwaysofStrawBiomassUtilizationwaysofStrawBiomassAStrawAStrawGranuleFuelInstrumentInstrumentmadebyamadebyacompanyofcompanyofBeijingBeijingSometypesofBiomassMoldingFuelBioEnergyFromStrawGasification(aerobic)BioEnergyFromStrawGasification(aerobic)About500-800CentralGasificationPlantsinChina;Eachhasacapacityfor200-500householdsgassupplyAdvancedGasificationsystemforStrawsAdvancedGasificationsystemforStrawsStrawElectricityPotentialofChinaStrawElectricityPotentialofChina‡201.210200kilotonsofStrawcangenerateelectricity1200millionkwh,equalto100kilo-tonsofstandardcoal.‡2ThepowercanbegeneratedbyavailablestrawofChinaequalto200milliontonsstandardcoaljustasoneofthemaincoalproductionareasuchasHenanprovince.‡Decreasecoalproductioncanconservenaturalresourceandecology,alsocanreduceairpollutionandsecurepepole’ssafety.BiogasHistoryinChinaBiogasHistoryinChinazIntheancient,Chinesepeoplefoundgasesfromundergroundinwetlandcouldbeignitedandthenthegasmixturewasnamedas“wetlandgas”whichiscalledinEnglishasmethaneorbiogas.zMr.LUOGuorui,anengineerfromTaiwanProvinceofChinaimprovedtheAnaerobicDigesterdesignandsetupacompanytopopularizeADsupplyingheatandlightinearly20Century.zThefounderofNewChina,ChairmanMaoZedong(MaoTsetung)usedtousebiogasinhiskitchenforcooking.HouseholdADconstructionHouseholdADconstructionTheassembledADundergroundTheassembledADundergroundKitchenimprovementKitchenimprovementBiogasCookingStoveBiogasCookingStoveTheformerTheformerstovestoveBiogasBiogasstovestoveStatePoliciesforRuralEnergyProjectsofStatePoliciesforRuralEnergyProjectsofChinaGovernmentChinaGovernmentzRuralrenewableenergydevelopmentislistedinChina’s21stCenturyAgendaandNationalEconomicDevelopmentPlan.zIn2002asoneofprioritiestostrengthenruralsmall-scaleinfrastructureconstruction,ruralbiogasdevelopmentwasstressedattheStateWorkingConferenceonRuralIssues.OrganicWasteWaterandBiogasOrganicWasteWaterandBiogasProductionProductionCDM1593535439633583540592703220005001000150020002500199019911992199319941995199619972004YearNumberzCODBODAlcoholwastewaterisorganicwastewaterwithhightemperature,highloadofCODandBODthatisexcellentforhightemperatureaerobicdigestingtogetlargequantitybiogas.TherearedomesticprojectsucceedinChina.AlcoholWasteWaterAlcoholWasteWater--ExcellentSourceforBiogasExcellentSourceforBiogasProductionProductionTheapplicationofanaerobictechnologyintheindustrialwastewatertreatmentinitialedinNanyangAlcoholFactoryinaPlugFlowTankin1960s.Thistechnologywaspopularlyappliedin10yearssincethen.In1985a600m3fullmixedanaerobictankwaslaunchedinYantaiAlcoholFactory.Thenin1987twolargest5000m3AnaerobicDigesterswereputintouseinNanyang.TheCODloadwasincreasedfrom2-4kg/.daybyplugflowtechnologyupto8kg/m3.daybyfullmixed.In1990sthenewtechnology,UASBwasgraduallyapplied.Thisisahugebiogasproductionbyanaerobictreatmentoftheeffluent.Tenyearsago,TheNanyangAlcoholCompanyproduced10millionm3biogasperyear.BiogasfromOrganicWastewaterTreatmentBiogasfromOrganicWastewaterTreatment--11BiogasfromDistillationWastewaterTreatmentBiogasfromDistillationWastewaterTreatmentBiogasProjectofBiogasProjectofQingdaoQingdao11ststAlcoholWorks,ShandongAlcoholWorks,ShandongProvinceofChinaProvinceofChinazGB/T4750-2002zStandardDesignCollectionofHouseholdBiogasPlantszGB/T4751-2002zMethodologyofHouseholdBiogasPlantsEvaluationzGB/T4752