2013高考英语阅读理解题的解题思路

2013高考英语阅读理解题的解题思路一、解的十个特征：1、体现中心思想（包括段落中心）的是解2、照抄原文的不是解，同义替换的是解3、含义不肯定的是解，如：cancouldmayusuallymightmostmoreorlessrelativelybelikelyto含义绝对的不是解：mustalwaysneverthemostallanynoneentirely含义相反的是解4、具体的不是解，概括性的、抽象的是解5、带有some的是解：someonesomebodysometimesomethingcertain6、简单的不是解，复杂的是解，字面意思不是解，含义深刻的是解7、带虚词的解：anotherothermoreeitherbothalsobesideadditionalextradifferentsameparticularnearlynotenough8、“变化”是解：changedelayimprovepostponeincrease9、“重要的、基础的”是解：importantnecessityessentialbasisbebasedon10、二选一：反义项有解；形似项有解；近义项有解阅读题的四种题型及其命题思路1.主旨题－中心思想①Mainidea－whatisthemainidea/pointofthispassage?②Maintopic－whatisthemaintopic/subject/title?③Purpose－whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?对策：答案多在文章的首句或末句；解：多为概括性的选项2.细节性问题①Accroding－考查对文章内容的掌握，如：时间、地点、事件等细节问题。对策：利用题目中的关键词找文章中的对应词，在对应词的周围寻找答案。②Number－考查对文章中数字的掌握，1）运算型：通过简单的四则运算求解。对策：原始数据不是解。2）多选一型：文中出现多个时间或数字，对应不同的事物，考其中的一个。对策：对号入座。3）范围型，4）世纪型③Except题型－即三缺一型，要求选出一个不符合文章内容的选项。④Which题型对策：这两种主要考并列句、列举句3.推断型问题命题包括以下动词：infer,imply,suggest,conclude,assume.对策：1）根据文中的关键词、短语、结构进行推断；2）通过阅读某段或几段内容3）注意：要根据文中内容进行推断，不能凭空猜测。4.词汇型问题①考查熟词偏义或在特定场合具体的词义对策：常见含义不是解②生词的含义推断对策：根据上下文判断其合理的词义才是唯一的出路。总结：常见的命题思路：文章的中心、段落的中心指代关系makegainsmakeaprofit因果关系①正因果关系文中A导致B，问题：有了B这一结果，为什么，答案是A②反因果关系文中A具有X特性，B与A不同，问，B有何特点，答案是非X特性。或AB，考非A非B一、文章的十大考点1、列举处常考细节题，特别是Which型和Except型；2、转折处和对比处常考However,but,yet,infact,although,转折：unlike,until,however,but等。3、例子常考推断题和细节题as,suchas,forexample,forinstance,i.e.etc.4、数字和年代常考文中的数字、年代和日期常常是命题的重点。5、最高级和绝对性词汇常考答案具有唯一性must,all,only,anyone,always,never,或most,first.6、专有名词常考人名、地名等专有名词7、细节处常考细节题同位语，插入语，定语，长句的后半句，从句，副词，介词，不定式。8、因果句常考推断题因果连词：because,since,for,as,therefore,so,consequentlyetc因果动词：cause,resultin，originatefrom,etc因果名词：base,basis,result,consequence.etc9、段落中心句常考主题题和细节题段首句和文尾句往往是作者表达中心思想和进行总结综述之处，10、特殊标点常考细节题破折号、括号、冒号表示解释，引号表示引用示例1、Spaceisadangerousplace,notonlybecauseofmeteors(流星)butalsobecauseofraysfromsunandotherstars.Theatmosphereagainactsasourprotectiveblanketonearth.Lightgetsthrough,andthisisessentialforplantstomakethefoodwhichweeat.Heat,too,makesourenvironmentstolerableandsomeultravioletrayspenetratetheatmosphere.Cosmicraysofvariouskindscomethroughtheairfromouterspace,butenormousquantitiesofradiationfromthesunarescreenedoff.Assoonasmenleavetheatmospheretheyareexposedtothisradiationbuttheirspacesuitsorthewallsoftheirspacecraft,iftheyareinside,dopreventalotofradiationdamage.Radiationisthegreatestknowndangertoexplorersinspace.Thetroubleisthatitisextremelydifficulttobesureaboutradiationdamageapersonmayfeelperfectlywell,butnotcellsofhissexorgansmaybedamaged,andthiswillnotbediscovereduntilthebirthof(deformed)childrenorevengrandchildren.Drugsmighthelptodecreasethedamagedonebyradiation,butnotreallyeffectiveoneshavebeenfoundsofar.Atpresent,radiationseemstobethegreatestphysicalhazardtospacetravelersbutitisimpossibletosayjusthowseriousthehazardwillturnouttobeinthefuture.1、Accordingtothepassage,withoutatmosphereA)spaceshipscanneverbeshotintospaceB)sunlightcan’treachtheearth（具体不是解）C)plantscanproducevariedfoodD)ourenvironmentwouldbeintolerable（概括是解，含义相反的是解）2、WhenmenspendlongperiodinspacetheywillprotectthemselvesbyA)takingspecialdrugsB)wearingspecialsuits（替换spacesuits是解）C)usingaprotectiveblanketD)nosolutionhasbeenfoundyet3、ThegreatestdangertomeninspaceisA)meteorsB)weightlessnessC)radiationD)magneticforce4、Whichofthefollowingstatementistrueaccordingtothepassage?转折处最高级举处长句后半句转折，长句后半句列举处，因果关系A)thegrandchildrenofastronautsaredeformedB)thechildrenofastronautshavedamagedsexorgansC)radiationdamagemayshowonlyinlatergenerations（may是解）D)radiationdoesnotseemtobeveryharmful5、Radiationisdangeroustomen,A)butwedon’tknowexactlyhowdangerousitisB)butonlyinspace（替换是解）C)soweshouldbuildupourhealthD)andwecandonothingaboutitatthepresenttime示例2、Everyweareallinfluencedbythemassmedia.Althoughsomecriticsofthemediaclaimthatthesemeansofcommunicationareusedmainlytocontrolourthinkingandgetustobuyproductsthatwedon’tneed,themediaalsocontributetokeepingpeopleinformed.Inotherwords,whiledangersdoexist,thebenefitsofthemediafaroutweighthedisadvantages.Mostofthemessagesbroughttoviewers,listeners,andreadersaredesignedeithertoinformortoentertain,andneitherofthesegoalscanbeconsidereddangerousorharmful.Ifconsumersofthemediacouldbetaughtatanearlyagetoexaminemessagescritically,i.e.tothinkcarefullyaboutwhatisbeingcommunicated,theywouldbeabletotakeadvantageoftheinformationandenjoytheentertainmentwithoutbeinghurtbyit.Thekeytocriticalthinkingisrecognizingthepurposesofthenewsorscriptwriters,theadvertisers,andsoon.Arebothsidesofanissuebeingpresented?Istheamountofviolenceandkillingshownnecessarytothepointofastory?Haveenoughfactsaboutaproductbeingadvertisedbeenpresented?Besides,inacountrywithademocraticformofgovernment,thepeoplecanbekeptinformedbythemassmedia.Tobeabletoexpresstheirviewsandvoteintelligently,citizensneedtheopportunitytohearnews,opinions,andpublicaffairsprogramming.Informationaboutcurrenteventsispresentedin－depthonpubliclyfundedTVchannelsandradiostationsaswellasinnewspapers.Inaddition,thepublicbroadcastingmediacanhelpviewersandlis