2013年中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解语义理解性题目解题方法及练习

第-1-页共6页2013中考英语三轮复习--中考阅读理解语义理解性题目解题方法及练习语义理解性题目：题目要求对文中个别单词、关键词、词组或句子做出解释。解答这类题目时需要对有关的上下文，甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解才能做出正确答案。对于这类题目我们可以用下面的解题方法来解答：（1）快速阅读文章后的4~5道题目，并将题目中的关键词（一般为实词，含有重要信息）用笔划下来。这样做的目的有两个：一是获得将要阅读的文章的大概意思，二是为解题做好准备。（2）快速阅读原文。一边阅读一边划出文章中的含有重要信息的词、短语或句子。如果将文章中的重要信息都划出来了，到第三步解题时寻找所需信息就容易了。这比盲目地寻找方便得多。（3）根据文章中所阐述的事实细节和上下文的暗示与线索进行综合分析，然后做出推断预测或得出合情合理的结论。因此，考生必须细读全文，不仅要懂得文章的表层意义，还要理解深层的内含；不仅要掌握作者的观点倾向，还要获取字里行间隐含的信息。但同时必须提醒考生的是切忌无根无据地随意猜想或推理，把白的东西说成是黑的，把自己的观点当作是作者的。也就是说你所做的每一个推断或引申都应该是合情合理的，具有充分依据的。Passage1We’vetalkedaboutsnails(蜗牛)andtheirslowmove.Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon’tmoveatall.Theyareintheirshells(壳)—sleeping.Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.Asnailwilldieinaheavyrain.Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.Asnailcansleepforaslongasitneedsto.Itspendsallthewintermonthsinitsshell,asleep.Inthespringthesnailwakesup.Itsbody,aboutthreeincheslong,comesoutfromtheshell.Whenhungry,thesnaillooksforfood.Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelers(触角),areveryweak.Butitssense(感觉)ofsmellisverystrong.Ithelpsthesnailtofindfoodandthenewgreens.Asnail’smouthisnobiggerthanthepointofapin(大头针).Yetithas256,000teeth!Theteethareverysmall,andyoucan’tseethem.Ifyouputasnailinahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.1.Asnail_________.A.movesmoreslowlyatnightB.hasthousandsoffeetC.doesn’tmoveatallD.sleepsmuchofthetime2.Inthesentence“Asnaildrawsitsbodyintoitsshell”,theword“draw”means_____.A.tomakewithapencilB.topushC.topullD.tomoveaway3.Fromthestory,weknow_________.A.asnail’sshellisverythinB.asnailcan’tseewellC.asnail’snoseisquiteshortD.asnail’sbodychangesindifferentseasons4.Asnailgoestosleepwhen_____.第-2-页共6页A.itfeelshungryB.itisputintoapaperboxC.springiscomingD.itrainsheavily5.Whichofthefollowingiswrong?A.Inwinterthesnaildoesn’teatormove.B.Asnaildoesn’tlikelivingunderthesun.C.Thesnail’steethcan’tbewornout.D.Thesnail’snosehelpstofindfood.【答案与解析】这篇短文向我们介绍了蜗牛的生活习性。无论是烈日当空，还是大雨滂沱，蜗牛都会像整个冬季一样，呆在壳里睡觉。春天来临的时候，蜗牛就拖着三英寸长的身体从壳里钻出来，靠它那灵敏的触角觅食。别看它的嘴比大头针尖大不了多少，却长着25万多颗牙齿呢！1.D。根据开头的“Butmuchofthetimesnailsdon’tmoveatall.Theyareintheirshells----sleeping.”这句话，显然只有D是正确答案。2.C。本题属熟词新义。由“Hotsunwilldryoutasnail’sbody.Soattheleastsignofhotsun,asnaildrawsitsbodyintohisshell.”一句的意思，尤其是要仔细考虑关键词“into”对猜测词义的辅助作用，可知蜗牛一旦碰到炙热的太阳，就会把身体蜷缩进壳里。3.B。答案即是“Itseyes,attheendofthetopfeelersareveryweak.”这句话。4.D。关键要理解好“Sowhenitrains,asnaildoesthesamething,too.”这句话中的“thesamething”的意思。事实上，由“Inthespringthesnailwakesup.…comesoutfromtheshell.”和“…inahardpaperbox,itwilleatitswayout!”是很容易排除B、C和A的。5.C。根据短文最后一句话“Andifasnailwearsoutitsteeth,itwillgrownewones.”，可以判断C项是明显的错误。Passage2ThisdictionarytellsyouaboutEnglishwordsandhowtousetheminreading,writingandspeakingEnglish.Itnotonlygivesthemeaningofwords,itcanalsohelpyouwithspelling,wordbuilding,grammarandpronunciation.Touseyourdictionarycorrectly,youneedtounderstandhowthedictionaryworks.Atthefrontofthebook,youwillfindsomeexercisestohelpyoumakethemostuseofyourdictionary.Ifyoulookuptheword“colour”,youwillfindtwospellingsforthisword.“Colour”isusedinBritishEnglish,while“color”isusedinAmericanEnglish.Whensuchathinghappens,thedictionaryshowsitwiththeword“BrE”forBritishEnglishand“AmE”forAmericanEnglish.Thedictionaryalsohelpsyoupronouncewordscorrectly.Itusesaspecialalphabet(特殊字母表)toshowpronunciation.Ifyouturntotheinsidebackface,youwillseeallthephoneticletters(音标)withsomewordstoshowyouhowtheyarepronounced.Justhavealookthispagewhenyou’renotsurehowtosayaword.第-3-页共6页Themostimportantreasonforusingadictionaryistofindoutthemeaningofaword—itsdefinition.Inthisdictionary,thedefinitionshavebeenwrittenusingonly2000words.Thismeansthatthedefinitionsofeventhemostdifficultwordsaresimplyexplained(简单解释)andeasytounderstand.Whenawordhasmorethanonemeaning,readallthemeaningsuntilyoufindtheonethatcorrectlytellstheuseofthewordyouarelookingfor.Mostofthewordsinthisdictionarycanbeusedbypeopleinallpartsoftheworld.1.Thisdictionarycannothelpyouwith_____.A.singingB.grammarC.spellingD.pronunciation2.____ofthewordsinthedictionaryhavetwospellings.A.AllB.OneC.FewD.Some3.TheAmEspellingoftheChineseword“颜色”inthisdictionaryis______.A.colourB.collarC.colorD.corner4.Thephoneticalphabethelpsyoueachwordcorrectly.A.understandB.writeC.sayD.know5.TheChinesemeaningof“definition”hereis______.A.词性B.词条C.词义D.词库6.Howmanywordsarethereinthisdictionary？_________.A.TwothousandB.OnethousandC.OnehundredD.Wedon’tknow7.Thedictionaryexplains______.A.someofthedifficultwordsB.allthewordsinasimplewayC.alltheeasywordsD.thewordsoftwomeanings【答案与解析】这篇短文可能是一本英文词典的“序言”，介绍了这本词典的用途和使用方法。另外，该文中还着重提到了AmericanEnglish和BritishEnglish在拼写上存在的差异。1.A.通过短文第一段的第一个句子，几乎不费力气就能选出正确答案。2.D.此题需要仔细推敲第二段文字，通过理解段意(如果熟悉英文词典或懂得一些英文词典的使用常识则可以直接进行选择)和推敲四个选项的词语意思而确定。All和One都属于“走极端”的选项，不能入选；Few本义是“几乎没有”，不符合文意，只有D项正确。3.C.答案在第三段。文中“while‘color’isusedinAmericanEnglish.”已给出明确答案。4.C.通过文中“Weuseaspecialalphabet(特殊字母表)toshowpronunciation.”一句判断。关键词是“pronunciation(发音)”，清楚这个词的意思，我们无疑会选择C。5.C.应重点参考5—6段。实际上，第五段中已有“tofindoutthemeaningofaword—itsDEFINITION.”。“meaningofawo