2013牛津初中英语语法总结和练习(8B-9B)

18BUnit1时态知识讲解:过去时、现在完成时和过去完成时的不同及用法现在完成时表示到目前为止已经完成，并对现在留下某种后果和影响的动作。结构：___________________________否定句____________________________疑问句_____________________用法:1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果:already,yet,ever,never,just,before,once,twice等连用,也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语,如thesedays,today,thisyear,sofar等连用..Ihavealreadypostedtheletter.(信已经不在我这儿了)2.表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态,一直持续到现在,也许还将继续下去,for+时间段,since+时间点/从句,inthelasttenyears等,谓语只可用延续性动词.I'veleftShanghaiforthreedays.I'vebeenawayfromShanghaiforthreedays.IleftShanghaithreedaysago.Itis/hasbeenthreedayssinceIleftShanghai.常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系如下:come/go/arrive/get/reach/move------__________________________open-----__________________________die------________________________close----___________________________become---___________________borrow---______________________begin/start-----______________________leave-----_________________buy-----________________________fallasleep----_______________________end/finish-----__________________catchacold-----__________________join____________________________/_____________________________3.现在完成时中hasbeento__________________hasgoneto__________________和beenin/atbeento_______________She_______________________Shanghaitwice.(表示目前人在这里)She_____________________________Shanghai。(表示现在她人不在这里)She________________________________Shanghaisinceshemovedthere.(表示已到并且呆着那里一段时间)4.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响,强调的是现在的情况,不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday,n1991,threedaysagolasttime,lastnight等连用.一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实,和现在不发生关系.她昨晚写信了。She____________________________________.自从昨晚她就写信了。She____________________________________________________.5.现在完成时中的for与sincefor+时间段与延续性动词的现在完成时连用since+过去时间点/从句Ihavekeptthelibrarybook_____________aweek.=Ihavekeptthelibrarybook____________aweekago.6.Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since从句.自从某事发生已有一段时间了.Itis/hasbeentwoyearssincemybrotherjoinedthearmy.过去完成时表示过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作结构：_________________________否定句___________________________疑问句_______________________用法：1.表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作,动作发生的时间为“过去的过去“.表示过去某一时间可用by,before等构成的短语,也可用when,before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示.Bytheendoflastterm,we_____________________(learn)athousandEnglishwords.He_______________________(finish)hishomeworkbeforehisfathercamebacklastnight.2.表示过去某个时间之前发生的动作或状态,一直延续到这一过去时刻,或还将继续下去.WhenIgottoknowhim,he_________________(work)therefortwentyyears.巩固练习1.He___________（turn）offthelight.Wecanleavenow.2.Bythetimewegottothecinema,thefilm___________（begin）.3.She___________（finish）herhomeworkbeforeIleftschool.4.Mymother___________（be）ateachersince2003.5.Hetoldusthathe___________（give）thebooktohisbrother.6.I___________（wash）alltheclothes.SoIcanhavearest.7.They___________（stay）inChinaforalongtime.8.Myfather___________（arrive）homebeforenineo’clocklastnight.A.用already或yet1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures___yet___?No,not___haven’t_______.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions_____阿拉ready___3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition_____yet___.2B.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons______thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital_____lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.C.用havegone或havebeen1)Wherearetheboystudents?They_____totheschoolfactory.2)Isyourfatherin?No,he____toShenzhen._______heever______therebefore?Yes,he___thereseveraltimes3)HeaskedmeifI_____toHangzhoubefore.ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI____never____tothatcitybefore.2.选择填空1.Mother____meanewcoatyesterday.I_______iton.Itfitsmewell.A.hadmade…havetriedB.made…havetriedC.hasmade…triedD.made…tried2“He____todrawhorsesalready”.“When______he?”“Lastyear“A.learned…hasB.learned…didC.haslearned…hasD.haslearned…did3.Tom_____upintothetree.Look,he____highupthere!A.hasgot…isB.hasclimbed…wasC.got…wasD.climbed…is4.____you_____thetextyet?Yes,we____ittwohoursago.A.Did…copy…didB.Have…copied…haveC.Have…copied…didD.Did…copy…had5.“Why______she_______angry?”“Becausehe_____atherjustnow.”A.did…get…shoutedB.has…got…shoutedC.did…get…hasshoutedD.has…got…hasshouted6.______you__________thefilmbefore?Where_____you____it?A.Have…seen…did…seeB.Did…see…did…watchC.Have…seen…have…seenD.Did…see…have…seen7.You____mewaitingfortwohours.I____foryousincefive.A.kept…waitedB.havekept…waitedC.kept…havewaitedD.havekept…havewaited8.Where______John_______?Tothelibrary.He_________thereforanhour.A.has…been…hasgoneB.has…gone…hasbeenC.did…go…wentD.did…be…went9.______thebabystill_____?No,it_______crying.A.Has…cried…hasstoppedB.Is…crying…stoppedC.Did…cry…stoppedD.Is…crying…hasstopped10.I_______theway.I________hereforquitemanyyears.A.knew…havelivedC.knew…liveC.know…havelivedD.know…live11._____youever_____America?Yes,Ihave.A.Have…gonetoB.Have…goneinC.Have…beentoD.Have…beenin12.Mybrother____collegeforoverthreeyears.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.hasbeeninD.hasbeenat13.He________theArmybytheendof1989.He______inthearmysincethen.A.joined…isB.hasjoined…hasbeenC.hadjoined…isD.hadjoined…hasbeen14.BythetimeI_____backthey____uptensatellites.A.came…havesentB.came…hadsentC.come…havesentD.hadcome…sent15.Jack____overfivelessonsbyseveno’clock.Thenhe____arest.A.went…tookB.went…hadtakenC.hadgone…tookD.hadgone…hadtaken16.We____outbythatt