2012年职称英语考试理工类新增文章(改)

1第六篇MakingLightof1Sleep练习：1.TheclocklocatedinsideourbrainsissimilartoourbedsidealarmclockbecauseAitcontrolswhenwewake，whenweeatandwhenwesleep.Bithasacycleof24hours.Citisacyclealsocalledcircadianrhythm.Ditcanalarmanytimeduring24hours.2.Whatisimpliedinthesecondparagraph?AYoungchildren'sbiologicalclockhasthesamerhythmwiththatoftheteenagers.BPeopleafterpubertybegintogotobedearlierduetothechangeofthebiologicalclock.CChildrenbeforepubertytendtofallasleepearlieratnightthanadolescents.DTeenagersgotobedlaterthantheyusedtoduetothelightfromthecomputerscreen.3.InthethirdparagraphtheauthorwantstotellthereaderthatAitisnaturalforteenagerstostayuplateandgetuplate.Bstayinguplatehasabadeffectonteenagers'abilitytothinkandlearn.Cduringpubertymostteenagersexperienceakindofgraycloud.Ditishardforteenagerstogetoutofbedinthemorning.4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueaccordingtothefourthandfifthparagraphs?AOurbiologicalclockresetsitselfautomatically.Blightgetsthroughoureyesandresetsourbiologicalclock.COurinternalclockaswellasthealarmclockcanberesetautomatically.DOurinternalclock，likethealarmclock，canbereset.5.Accordingtothelasttwoparagraphs，whatdidthepreviousresearchersthinkaboutthehumaneye'slight-sensingsystem?AThehumaneyehadtwolight-sensingsystems.BThehumaneyehadonelight-sensingsystem.CThehumaneyecouldsensethelightofdaymorequicklythanthedarkofnight.DThehumaneyecouldresetourinternalclocksinaccordancewiththealarmclocks.答案与题解：1.B第一段第二句提供了答案。句中的yourinternalclock即指aclocklocatedinsideourBrains。2.C第二段主要内容是告诉读者，过了青春期（puberty），由于生物钟节奏的变化，青少年（adolescentsandteenagers）比以前要晚睡几小时。所以C是该段所隐含的内容。3.B第三段的最后一句直接给出了答案。4.C根据第四和第五段的内容，闹钟和生物钟都可以重新设定时间，但生物钟能通过眼睛接受的日光来自动调节生理节奏。所以A、B和D都是这两段中所述内容，C是正确选择，因为闹钟不能自动重新设定时间。5.B问题使用的是过去时，问的是研究者在最新发现（recentdiscoveries）之前对眼睛感光系统的认识，即，thesignalsthatsynchronizethebody'sclockwerehandledthroughthesamepathwaysthatweusetosee（眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统），也就是说，研究者之前认为人类的眼睛只有一个感光系统。但最新发现却是，人的眼睛有两个感光系统。1第十九篇Graphene'sSuperstrength1练习：1.Whatwouldchangethefutureofelectronicsaccordingtoengineers?ABigtechnology.BCreativeways.CGraphene.DBothAandB.2.Accordingtothesecondandthirdparagraphs，whatistrueofgraphene?AItcanbeusedtomakepaper.BItispossibletoseeitwithournakedeye.CItiseasytofindgraphene.DItispossiblythethickestmaterialintheworld.3.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedtoreplacetheword“apply”inparagraph4?Arequest.Bpolish.Cuse.Dput.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmeantinthelasttwoparagraphs?AGrapheneismadeofgraphite，oneofthesoftestmaterialsintheworld.BGraphiteismadeoflayersofgraphene，thethinnestmaterialintheworld.CWhenwegettothethinnestpossiblelayerofgraphite，wefindgraphene.DWithapencil，asheetofpaperandapieceofadhesivetape，wecanfindgraphene.5.Graphene'ssuperstrengthliesinthefactthatAItisthethinnestmaterialintheworld.BItismadeofthemostabundantelementsintheworld.CItcanhelptomakeelectroniccomponentssmaller.DIthelpsengineerstoproducemoresensitiveelectronicproducts.答案与题解：1.C第一段最后一句提供了答案：工程师将眼光投向石墨烯，一种由碳原子组成的超薄材料，这种材料能够改变电子产品的未来。2.C第二段倒数第二句告诉我们，25,000层石墨烯才能堆砌成一张普通白纸的厚度，这是为了说明石墨烯是多么的薄，而不是说它可以用来造纸，所以A不是正确答案。第三段最后一句说明石墨烯就在我们周围，因此C是答案。B和D的表述内容都与该两段内容不符合。3.Dapply...over：将……涂（敷）在……上。4.A最后两段告诉我们，用一张纸，一支铅笔和一片胶带就能找到石墨烯；无数层石墨烯构成石墨，当铅笔留在纸上的石墨被胶带剥离到最薄一层时，我们就得到了石墨烯。因此只有A不是最后两段的表述内容。5.C第一段提供了答案。随着电子产品越来越小，需要更小的电子组件（components)，而石墨烯作为最薄的材料可以帮助工程师实现这一目标。这就是石墨烯力量所在。1*第三＋八篇LifeFormFoundonSaturn'sTitan练习：1.WhathavescientistsfoundaboutSaturn?ATheyhavefoundanewmoonorbitingSaturn.BTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonSaturn.CTheyhavefoundmethane-basedlifeonTitan.DTheyhavefoundearthlikelifeonaSaturn'smoon.2.WhatdoscientistssayaboutTitan?ATherearelifecluesthere.BThereisacetylenethere.CWateronTitanexistsintheformofice.DRiversandlakestherecontainlifeformls.3.Todate,scientistshavenotyetdetectedthisformoflife.(paragraph5)Whatdoesthisformoflifereferto?AWater-basedlife.BMethane-basedlife.CLiquid-water-basedmicroorganisms.DGas-basedlife.4.WhatcanbeinferredfromwhatAllensaid?AScientistshavedifferentargumentsoverwhetherthereislifeonTitan.BScientistsallagreethatthereislifeonTitan.CScientistsallsuggestthatabiologicalexplanationisreasonable.DScientistsallagreethatanon-biologicalchemicalreactionisapossibleexplanation.5.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacethetitleofthispassage?AEarthlikeLivingBeingsFoundonTitan.BFindingofOneMoreMoonofSaturn.CTitan,aNewSatelliteFound.DAdifferentLifeForm,aPossibility.答案与题解：1.C短文的第一段提供了答案。该段告诉读者，科学家在土星的卫星土卫六（Titan）上发现了生命的迹象，这些生命的存在是以甲烷为基础的。2.A根据第二段“Scientistshavereportedlydiscoveredcluesshowingprimitivealienbeingsare'breathing'inTitan'sdenseatmospherefilledwithhydrogen.”，说明土卫六（Titan）有生命迹象。因此A是答案。3.Bthisformoflife指的是土卫六（Titan）上以甲烷为生命基础呼吸氢气的生物，即该文讨论的主题。4.A科学家至今对土卫六是否存在生物有不同的观点和解释。Allen说要做出土卫六上有生物的结论，首先必须对Titan上没有生物的观点做出回应；要排除土卫六上可能没有生物的观点，我们还须付出努力。所以只有A是正确选择。5.D该短文的主题是，科学家在土卫六（Titan）上发现了一种与地球生物不同的生命形式的迹象，即以甲烷为生命基础呼吸氢气的生物，但科学家还未能最后验证这一发现。第四段中的一个句子能够揭示该短文的主题：“Ifthesesignsdoturnouttobeasignoflife,itwouldbedoublyexcitingbecauseitwouldrepresentasecondformoflifeindependentfromwater-basedlifeonEarth.”1*第四十篇TeachingMath,TeachingAnxiety1.WhatistheresultoftheresearchattheUniver