汽车尾气排放-曹春阳最新07版

本科生毕业设计（论文）I摘要汽车是能源消耗和污染物排放的主要来源。随着我国汽车保有量的急剧增加，尾气排放问题日益严重。当前我国汽车尾气排放水平仅相当于发达国家20世纪70年代中后期水平，汽车产生的大量尾气排放污染物集中在城市道路中排放。同时由于我国城市道路交通路网及配套设施的相对落后，不但使交通拥堵问题日趋突出，而且使由于汽车排放而导致的环境污染也日益严重。因此对城市汽车排放污染综合控制的研究已成为当前一项非常紧迫的工作。论文介绍我国汽车尾气排放问题的现状，对比分析了国内与国外汽车尾气排放标准，介绍了汽车尾气排放物CO、HC、NOx、微粒(PM)及炭烟的生成机理，论述了汽车尾气污染物危害；以汽(柴)油机及城市运行的汽车为研究对象，用理论分析的方法对汽车排放污染物的影响因素进行研究，主要影响因素内容包括汽油品质，发动机负荷、发动机转速、外环境对尾气排放物。最后提出汽车尾气治理的对策，包括机内控制技术、机外控制技术、外环境控制技术。论文的研究对我国城市交通汽车排污综合控制研究进行了有益探索，希望能对促进我国城市大气环境污染的改善，确保城市交通的协调发展具有一定的理论和现实意义。关键词：城市交通；汽车排放；控制技术本科生毕业设计（论文）IIAbstractCarsareamajorsourceofenergyconsumptionandpollutantemissions.WiththedramaticincreaseincarownershipinChina'sincreasinglyseriousproblem,exhaustemissions.ThecurrentlevelofemissionsofautomobiletailgasinChinaisonlyequivalenttothelevelofdevelopedcountriesinthelatenineteenseventies,largeexhaustpollutantemissionsfrommotorvehiclesemissionsinthecityroad.Atthesametime,becauseofourcountrycityroadtrafficnetworkandinfrastructureisrelativelybackward,notonlymakesthetrafficcongestionproblemhasbecomemoreprominent,andtheenvironmentalpollutioncausedbyautomobileexhausthasbecomemoreandmoreserious.Therefore,studyontheintegratedcontrolofvehicleemissionpollutionincityhasbecomeanextremelyurgentwork.ThepaperintroducesthestatusquoofChina'sautomobileexhaustemissionsproblem,comparisonandanalysisofthedomesticandforeignautomobileexhaustemissionstandards,introducedtheautomobileexhaustemissionsofCO,HC,NOx,particle(PM)andthemechanismofformationofcarbonsmoke,thispaperdiscussestheharmofautomobileexhaustpollutants;steam(Chai)carsrunoilmachineandthecityastheresearchobject,tostudythefactorsofautomobileemissionbythemethodoftheoreticalanalysis,themainfactorsincludethequalityofgasoline,theengineload,enginespeed,externalenvironmentontheexhaustemissions.Finallyputforwardthecountermeasureofvehicleexhaustgovernance,includingmachinecontroltechnology,themachinecontroltechnology,environmentalcontroltechnology.Thispaperhascarriedonthebeneficialexplorationtothecitytrafficofourcountryautomobileemissionresearchofintegratedcontrol,hopingtopromoteChina'sairpollutionincityimprovement,ensurethathasacertaintheoreticalandpracticalsignificanceofharmoniousdevelopmentofcitytrafficKeywords:citytraffic;vehicleemission;controltechnology本科生毕业设计（论文）III目录第1章绪论..........................................................................................................11.1我国汽车尾气排放的现状.......................................................................11.1.1机动车保有量状况........................................................................11.1.2机动车污染物排放的特征..........................................................21.1.3研究主要意义................................................................................21.2国内外汽车排放标准对比分析...............................................................31.2.1国外汽车尾气排放标准................................................................31.2.2我国汽车尾气排放标准................................................................51.3研究的主要内容.......................................................................................7第2章汽车尾气排放物的生成机理及危害..........................................................82.1汽车尾气排放物的生成机理....................................................................82.1.1CO的生成机理...............................................................................92.1.2HC的生成机理.............................................................................102.1.3NOx的生成机理...........................................................................102.1.4微粒(PM)及炭烟的生成机理.......................................................112.2污染物的危害..........................................................................................112.2.1一氧化碳(CO)..............................................................................122.2.2碳氢化合物(HC)..........................................................................122.2.3氮氧化合物（NOx）...................................................................122.2.4固体悬浮颗粒..............................................................................12第3章汽车尾气排放的影响因素分析................................................................143.1过量空气系数φa的影响.......................................................................143.1.1过量空气系数φa对汽油机的影响............................................143.1.2过量空气系数φa对柴油机的影响.............................................153.2点火提前角的影响..................................................................................153.3运行工况的影响......................................................................................163.4发动机类型的影响..................................................................................183.4.1汽油机与柴油机排放特性的对比...............................................183.4.2不同柴油机燃烧室的排放特性对比...........................................193.5外环境因素的影响..................................................................................203.5.1城市道路条件的影响...................................................................20本科生毕业设计（论文）IV3.5.2交通设施两侧工程布局的影响...................................................203.5.3不同交通