2013专英练习题

一、Vocabulary(词汇，共30分)(一).TranslatethefollowingwordsandexpressionsintoChinese(写出下列词组的汉语。)object-oriented面向对象的multicoreprocessor多核处理器mainframecomputer主机instructionformat指令格式electroniccomponent电子元件applicationprogram应用程序anemployeetimecard雇员卡metadata元数据searchengineresourcemanagementprotocolhierarchy协议分层distributedsystemmoduletesting模块测试primarystorage主存储器relationalDB关系型数据库distributedOS分布式操作系统WebpagesWeb页，网页networkarchitecture网络体系结构dataacquisition数据采集requirementanalysis需求分析InternetofThings物联网keyframe关键帧，主要帧serialsorting串行排序electronic-government电子政务virtualreality虚拟现实dataflowdiagram数据流图cloudcomputing云计算instructionformat指令格式twistedpair双绞线、双扭线e-commerce电子商务requirementanalysis需求分析9.Micro-blogging微博real-timesystem实时系统searchengine搜索引擎videochip视频剪辑mobileWeb移动万维网wirelessWeb无线万维网videoondemand(VOD)视频点播applicationsuite应用（软件）套件，应用程序集(二).FillintheblankswiththecorrespondingEnglishabbreviations.(根据汉语写出相应的英语缩写。)(API)应用程序接口GUI(GraphicalUserInterface)图形用户接口Business-to-Business(BtoB,B2B)商业对商业StructuredQueryLanguage(SQL)结构化查询语言EnterpriseResourcePlanning(ERP)企业资源计划超文本标记语言HTML局域网LAN文件传输协议FTP集成电路IC社交网服务SNSMFC(MicrosoftFoundationClass)微软(公司)基础类（库）管理信息系统MIS中央处理器CPU随机存储器RAM视频图形阵列(显示卡)VGA算术/逻辑部件(运算器)ALU网络接口卡NIC超文本标记语言HTML数据库管理系统DBMS计算机辅助设计CAD通用串行总线USB无线局域网WLANSoftwareDevelopmentKit(SDK)软件开发套件PortableDocumentFormat(PDF)可移植的文档格式InternetInformationServices(IIS)因特网信息服务VirtualPrivateNetwork(VPN)虚拟专用网(三).Matcheachofthefollowingtermstothephraseordefinitionthatismostcloselyrelated.(词语匹配。)usersomeonewhodoesnotnecessarilyhavemuchtechnicalknowledgeaboutcomputersbutwhomakesdecisionsbasedoninformationprocessedbythecomputer.laptopcomputerakindofportablecomputerwhichcanbeputonthelap.binarysystemanumberingsystembasedonthedigits0and1chipsetMostCPUstodayuseachipsetofoneormorechipsthathelpbridgeorconnectthevariousbusestotheCPU.encapsulationThewayeachobjectcombinesitsmemberdataandmemberfunctions(methods)intoasinglestructure.Wiki(维基)AserverprogramthatallowsuserstocollaborateinformingthecontentofaWebsite.menusAsetofoptions—usuallytextbased—fromwhichtheusercanchoosetoinitiateadesiredactioninaprogram.switchIncommunications,acomputerorelectronmechanicaldevicethatcontrolsroutingandoperationofasignalpath.soundhardwareBeforesoundcanbeprocessed,acomputerneedsinput/outputdevices.hackerMostlyreferstocomputercriminals,duetothemassmediausageofthewordsincethe1980s.webservicesAserviceinterfaceenablingclientstointeractwithserversinamoregeneralwaythanwebbrowsersdo.backdoorInthesecurityofasystem,aholedeliberatelyleftinplacebydesignersormaintainers,maybeintendedforusebyservicetechnicians.outputinformationtransferredfromprimarystoragetoanydeviceoutsidethecomputer.networktwoormorecomputerslinkedbycommunicationlines.fiberopticsdatatransmissionusingcablemadeofopticalfibersinsteadofcopperwire.Middlewaresoftwareoccupyingamiddlepositionbetweenapplicationprogramsandoperatingsystems.ControlunitThefunctionunitthatisresponsibleforsupervisingtheoperationoftheentirecomputersystem.sordsizeThetermusedtodescribethesizeofoperandregistersandbuses.inheritanceAclassisallowedtoinheritpropertiesfromaclassofobjectsinobject-orientedprogramming.softwareAgeneraltermforthevariouskindsofprogramsusedtooperatecomputersandrelateddevices.WANAcommunicationsnetworkthatconnectsgeographicallyseparatedareas.gatewayAdevicethatconnectsnetworksusingdifferentcommunicationsprotocolssothatinformationcanbepassedfromonetotheother.dataAnyfacts,numbers,ortextthatcanbeprocessedbyacomputer.relationaldatabaseAdatabasethatconformstotherelationalmodel,andreferstoadatabase’sdataandschema(thedatabase’sstructureofhowthatdataisarranged).ERPAwaytointegratethedataandprocessesofanorganizationintoonesinglesystem.二、单项选择。共10分1._____B____referstothenumberofindividualdotsofcolor,knownaspixels,containedonadisplay.A.DotPitchB.ResolutionC.RefreshRatD.ScanStyle2.Mostoperatingsystemhaveastandardsetof___B______tohandletheprocessingofallinputandoutputinstructions.A.spreadsheetB.controlinstructionsC.I/OoperationD.datatable3.TwocommonapplicationsofLANsare__D_______resourcesharingandinformationresourcesharing.A.softwareB.computerC.networkD.hardware4.WithInternetExplorerandanInternetconnection,youcansearchforandviewinformationonthe__D______.A.ActiveDesktopB.ProgramsC.PhoneDialerD.WorldWideWeb5.ConsideringthelevelofI/Oactivityinmostprograms,theIOCSinstructionsareextremelyvital.8.EveryprocessorwithauniquesetofoperationssuchasADD,STORE,orLOADthatrepresenttheprocessor’sinstructionset.9.Distributedcontrol,alsoknownasdecentralizedcontrol,distributesthecontrolfunctionbetweenallthedevicesonthebus.10.Whenyoutakepossessionofanewcomputersystem,youshouldfindthatmostofthehardwareandsoftwareyouneedarealreadyinplace.11.MostprogramstodayuseagraphicaluserinterfaceorGUI(pronouncedgoo-ey),whichusesgraphicalobjects(suchasiconsandbuttons)andthemousetomuchmoreeasilytellthecomputerwhattheuserwantsittodo.ManyPCsoftwarevendorsenhancetheirproductsinsomemajorwayeveryyearortwo,promptinguserstoupgrade.Minorversions,calledreleases,typicallyincreasetheirnumberinincrementsof0.1-suchas