1翻译课导引.

翻译课概论（导引）•单词基础建设basicconstructioninfrastructure淡季lightseasonsslackseasons淡茶weaktea淡水”freshwater第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业thethirdindustrythetertiaryindustry/theserviceindustry裤子trouserspants/slacks/jeans面条noodlespasta黄头发yellowhairblond/blonde厕所WC/toiletmen'sroom/women'sroom/restroom/powderroom•1)一架从昆明起飞的小飞机,载着我们,飞越群山,把我们送到了景洪.1a)AsmallplanetookofffromKunming,carriedus,flewoverthemountains,andsentustoJinghong.Improved:1b)AsmallplanefromKunmingflewoverthemountainsandsentustoJinghong.2)Partyofficialsworkedlonghoursonmeagerfood,incoldcavesandbydimlamps.党的干部住寒冷的窑洞，吃简陋的饮食，靠微弱的灯光，长时间地工作着。•词组3)风和日丽之时，佘山、金山、崇明岛隐隐可见。原译：Onadayofgentlebreezeandbrightsun,theTowerdominatesanindistinctviewof…改译：Onafineday,youcanevensee…inthedistance,thoughnotveryclearly.4)Inthedoorwaylayatleasttwelveumbrellasofvariouscolorsandsizes.门口堆着至少十二把各种颜色和尺寸的伞．Ref.门口堆着一堆伞，少说也有十二把，五颜六色，大小不一．•句子永远记住你rememberyouforeveralwaysrememberyou真遗憾it‘sapitythat'stoobad/it'sashame小心台阶payattentiontothestepsmindthesteps我感到很痛Iampainful.Ifeelgreatpain亚洲四小龙theFourLittleDragonsofAsiatheFourLittleTigersofAsia百里挑一oneinahundredoneinathousand干杯！（要一饮而尽。）Cheers!Bottomup.Cheers!Bottomsup.5)我老公他看你下岗了，舍不得花钱，就自己跑到电影院买了两张票，今天晚上请我们两个人去看电影。(《老房有喜》）Myhusbandhasboughttwofilmticketsforustonight,becauseyou’relaidoffandhavetocutyourexpenses.•(6)Johncanbereliedon.Heeatsnofishandplaysthegame.•约翰为人可靠,他既忠诚又办事公道.•(7)WallStreetisadog-eat-dogplace.•华尔街是个残酷的地方.教学目的与要求•教学目的：阐释翻译的性质与特点、介绍翻译的基本理论、概括翻译的常用技巧、揭示英汉语言、文化、思维的差异、提高英语理解和汉语表达水平，加强文字素养、培养跨文化交流的能力。•教学要求：能灵活地运用所学翻译理论与常用技巧，发挥主观能动性，做到忠实、通顺地翻译中等难度的文学作品节录，以及英美报刊杂志有关政治、经济、历史、文化等时文；提高逻辑思维、形象思维、经验思维等认知能力，通过翻译表现出较高的综合素养。1.Whatistranslation?(翻译的定义)•TheOxfordEnglishDictionary:toturnfromonelanguageintoanother(从一种语言转换成另一种语言);•Webster’sthirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage:toturnintoone’sownoranotherlanguage(转换成本族语或另一种语言)。•翻译是一种“语言转换”活动。Thedefinitionis:•Translationisarenderingfromonelanguageintoanother,i.e.,thefaithfulrepresentationinonelanguageofwhatiswrittenorsaidinanotherlanguage.•Tobemoreexact,inNida’s&Tytler’swords美国翻译理论家EugeneA.Nida：•Translatingconsistsinreproducinginthereceptorlanguagetheclosestnaturalequivalentofthesource-languagemessage,firstintermsofmeaningandsecondlyintermsofstyle.•（所谓翻译，是指在译语中用最切近而又自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先在语义上，其次在文体上。)Agoodtranslationisonewhichthemeritoftheoriginalworkissocompletelytransfusedintoanotherlanguageastobeasdistinctlyapprehendedandasstronglyfeltbyanativeofthecountrytowhichthatlanguagebelongsasitisbythosewhospeakthelanguageoftheoriginalwork.好的翻译应该是把原作的长处完全地移注到另一种语言，以使译人语所属国家的本地人能明白地领悟、强烈地感受，如同使用原作语言的人所领悟、所感受的一样。(泰特勒，1790)AlexanderFraserTytler:综合各家之长:•翻译是把一种语言表达的意义用另一种语言传达出来，以达到沟通思想情感、传播文化知识、促进社会文明，特别是推动译语文化兴旺昌盛的目的。•Translationisanactivityofreproducinginonelanguagetheideaswhichhavebeenexpressedinanotherlanguage.2.ScopeofTranslation1.intermsoflanguages:2.intermsofthemode:3.intermsofmaterialstobetranslated:4.intermsofdisposal:(full-texttranslation,abridgedtranslation,adaptedtranslation)1.按语言分类：语内翻译（intralingualtranslation）语际翻译（interlingualtranslation）2.按活动形式分类：笔译（translation）口译（oralinterpretation）：连续传译（consecutivetranslation）和同声传译（simultaneoustranslation）3.按翻译材料的文体分类：应用文体翻译科技文体翻译论述文体翻译新闻文体翻译艺术文体翻译4.按处理方式分类：全译节译摘译编译译述3.CriteriainChina•A.WeknowXuanzangoncesaidabouttranslation既需求真，又需喻俗，whichmeansbothfaithfultotheoriginalandeasytounderstand.•B.YanFu’s(严复)“threecharacterguide”,whichwasfirstproposedin1898inthePrefaceofhistranslationofthebookNaturalSelection(《天演论》),istheprincipleof“faithfulness,expressiveness,andelegance”(信、达、雅).•C.Somerevisionssuchasfaithfulness,expressivenessandcloseness(信、达、切);faithfulness,expressivenessandfitness(信、达、贴),•D.FuLei’s(傅雷)spiritualconformity/resemblanceinspirit（神似)•E.QianZhongshu(钱钟书)transmigration(化境)•鲁迅：翻译：力求其易解,保存原作的丰姿。反对牛头不对马嘴，提出“宁信而不顺”之原则。•林语堂的“忠实、通顺、美”•瞿秋白的“信顺统一”•许渊冲的“音美、形美、意美（三美）”Criteriaforbeginners:Faithfulness&Smoothness十八世纪末的英国学者亚历山大·泰特勒(AlexanderFraserTytler,1747-1814)。他在《论翻译的原则》(EssayonthePrinciplesofTranslation)一书中提出了著名的翻译三原则：（1）译文应完全复写出原作的思想（Atranslationshouldgiveacompletetranscriptoftheideasoftheoriginalwork.）（2）译文的风格和笔调应与原文的性质相同(Thestyleandmannerofwritingshouldbeofthesamecharacterasthatoftheoriginal.)（3）译文应和原作同样流畅(Atranslationshouldhavealltheeaseoftheoriginalcomposition.）ThreePrinciplesofTranslation:•（1）Itisapositionwhichifweendorse，itwillreallymeanendorsingtheruleofthejungle,thatis,aworldwithoutlaw.•译文一:如果我们认可这种状况,那就真正意味着赞同丛林法则,也就是无法无天的世界。•译文二:如果我们认可这种状况,那就真正意味着赞同弱肉强食的原则,也就是一个没有法制的世界。•佳句欣赏：•Somefishingboatswerebecalmedjustinfrontofus.Theirshadowsslept,oralmostslept,uponthewater,agentlequiveringalongshowingthatitwasnotcompletesleep,orifsleep,thatitwassleepwithdreams.•眼前不远，渔舟三五，凝滞不前，樯影斜映在水上，仿佛睡去，偶尔微见颤动，似又未尝熟睡，恍若惊梦。（高健译）4.NatureofTranslation•NatureofTranslation•Translationisascience.•Translationisanart.•Translationisacraft.•Translationisaskill.•Translationisanoperation.•Translationisalanguageactivity.•Translationiscommunication1)翻译是跨语言(cross-linguistic)，跨文化(cross-cultural)，跨社会(cross-social)的交际活动。2)翻译是一种语言文化承载的意义转换到另一种语言文化中的跨语言，跨文化的交际活动。Translationis