1英汉人体解剖学基本词汇(850词)

1TheEnglish-ChineseBasicGlossaryofHumanAnatomy英汉人体解剖学基本词汇systematicanatomy系统解剖学regionalanatomy（topographicanatomy）局部解剖学anatomicalposition解剖学姿势superior上inferior下anterior前posterior后medial内侧lateral外侧superficial浅deep深internal内external外proximal近侧distal远侧verticalaxis垂直轴sagittalaxis矢状轴coronalaxis（frontalaxis）冠状轴（额状轴）sagittalplane矢状面coronalplane（frontalplane）冠状面（额状面）horizontalplane（transverseplane）水平面（横切面）I.LocomotorSystem运动系统1.BonySystem(Osteology）骨学longbone长骨shortbone短骨flatbone扁骨irregularbone不规则骨sesamoidbone籽骨compactbone（densebone）骨密质cancellousbone（spongybone）骨松质diploe板障periosteum骨膜bonemarrow骨髓(1)BonesofTrunk躯干骨vertebrae椎骨cervicalvertebrae颈椎thoracicvertebrae胸椎lumbarvertebrae腰椎sacrum骶骨coccyx尾骨2atlas寰椎axis枢椎vertebraprominens隆椎sternum胸骨rib肋骨costalcartilage肋软骨(2)Skull颅frontalbone额骨ethmoidbone筛骨sphenoidbone蝶骨parietalbone顶骨temporalbone颞骨occipitalbone枕骨maxilla上颌骨zygomaticbone颧骨palatinebone腭骨nasalbone鼻骨lacrimalbone泪骨inferiornasalconcha下鼻甲vomer犁骨mandible下颌骨hyoidbone舌骨(3)BonesofUpperLimb上肢骨clavicle锁骨scapula肩胛骨humerus肱骨ulna尺骨radius桡骨scaphoidbone手舟骨lunatebone月骨triquetralbone三角骨pisiformbone豌豆骨trapeziumbone大多角骨trapezoidbone小多角骨capitatebone头状骨hamatebone钩骨metacarpalbones掌骨phalanges指骨(4)BonesofLowerLimb下肢骨hipbone髋骨ilium髂骨ischium坐骨pubis耻骨femur股骨3patella髌骨tibia胫骨fibula腓骨talus距骨calcaneus跟骨navicularbone足舟骨medialcuneiformbone内侧楔骨intermediatecuneiformbone中间楔骨lateralcuneiformbone外侧楔骨cuboidbone骰骨metartarsalbones跖骨phalangesoftoes趾骨2.Arthrology关节学joint（articulation）关节ligament韧带flexion屈extension伸adduction收abduction展pronation旋前supination旋后rotation旋转circumduction环转(1)JointsofBonesofTrunk躯干骨的连结vertebralcolumn脊柱intervertebraldisc椎间盘annulusfibrosus纤维环nucleuspulposus髓核anteriorlongitudinalligament前纵韧带posteriorlongitudinalligament后纵韧带cervicalcurve颈曲thoraciccurve胸曲lumbarcurve腰曲sacralcurve骶曲thoraciccage胸廓costalarch肋弓(2)SynovialJointofSkull颅的连结temporomandibularjoint颞下颌关节(3)JointsofUpperLimb上肢骨连结shoulderjoint肩关节elbowjoint肘关节wristjoint（radiocarpaljoint）腕关节（桡腕关节）(4)JointsofLowerLimb下肢骨连结pelvis骨盆4hipjoint髋关节kneejoint膝关节medialmeniscus内侧半月板lateralmeniscus外侧半月板anklejoint（talocruraljoint）踝关节（距小腿关节）archoffoot足弓3.Myology（MuscularSystem）肌学muscle肌longmuscle长肌shortmuscle短肌flatmuscle扁肌orbicularmuscle轮匝肌superficialfascia（subcutaneousfascia）浅筋膜deepfascia（properfascia）深筋膜(1)MusclesofHead头肌1)FacialMuscles面肌Epicranius（occipitofrontalis）颅顶肌（枕额肌）galeaaponeurotica帽状腱膜orbicularisoculi眼轮匝肌orbicularisoris口轮匝肌2)MasticatoryMuscles咀嚼肌masseter咬肌temporalis颞肌lateralpterygoid翼外肌medialpterygoid翼内肌(2)MusclesofNeck颈肌platysma颈阔肌sternocleidomastoid胸锁乳突肌scalenusanterior前斜角肌(3)MusclesofTrunk躯干肌1)MusclesofBack背肌trapezius斜方肌latissimusdorsi背阔肌erectorspinae（sacrospinalis）竖脊肌（骶棘肌）2)MusclesofThorax胸肌pectoralismajor胸大肌serratusanterior前锯肌intercostalesexterni肋间外肌intercostalesinterni肋间内肌3）Diaphragm膈4)MusclesofAbdomen腹肌obliquusexternusabdominis腹外斜肌obliquusinternusabdominis腹内斜肌transversusabdominis腹横肌5rectusabdominis腹直肌(4)MusclesofUpperLimb上肢肌1)MusclesofShoulder肩肌deltoid三角肌2)MusclesofArm臂肌bicepsbrachii肱二头肌brachialis肱肌tricepsbrachii肱三头肌3)MusclesofForearm前臂肌flexorpollicislongus拇长屈肌flexordigitorumsuperficialis指浅屈肌flexordigitorumprofundus指深屈肌extensorpollicislongus拇长伸肌extensordigitorum指伸肌4)MusclesofHand手肌(5)MusclesofLowerLimb下肢肌1)MusclesofHip髋肌psoasmajor腰大肌iliacus髂肌gluteusmaximus臀大肌piriformis梨状肌2)MusclesofThigh大腿肌sartorius缝匠肌quadricepsfemoris股四头肌adductorlongus长收肌adductormagnus大收肌bicepsfemoris股二头肌semitendinosus半腱肌semimembranosus半膜肌3)MusclesofLeg小腿肌tibialisanterior胫骨前肌extensordigitorumlongus趾长伸肌extensorhallucislongus拇长伸肌tricepssurae小腿三头肌flexordigitorumlongus趾长屈肌tibialisposterior胫骨后肌flexorhallucislongus拇长屈肌4)MusclesofFoot足肌II.Splanchnology内脏学viscera内脏1.AlimentarySystem消化系统alimentarycanal消化管alimentarygland消化腺(1)OralCavity口腔6orallips口唇philtrum人中cheek颊hardpalate硬腭softpalate软腭uvula腭垂palatinevelum腭帆palatoglossalarch腭舌弓palatopharyngealarch腭咽弓isthmusoffauces咽峡deciduousteeth乳牙permanentteeth恒牙incisor切牙canine尖牙premolar前磨牙molar磨牙dentine牙质enamel釉质cement牙骨质dentalpulp牙髓tongue舌parotidgland腮腺submandibulargland下颌下腺sublingualgland舌下腺(2)Pharynx咽nasopharynx鼻咽oropharynx口咽laryngopharynx喉咽palatinetonsil腭扁桃体(3)Esophagus食管(4)Stomach胃(5)SmallIntestine小肠duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum回肠(6)LargeIntestine大肠caecum盲肠vermiformappendix阑尾ascendingcolon升结肠transversecolon横结肠descendingcolon降结肠sigmoidcolon乙状结肠rectum直肠analcanal肛管7analcolumn肛柱analvalve肛瓣analsinus肛窦dentalline齿状线analpecten肛梳whiteline白线anus肛门sphincteraniinternus肛门内括约肌sphincteraniexternus肛门外括约肌(7)Liver肝portahepatis肝门hepaticpedicle肝蒂gallbladder胆囊(8)Pancreas胰2.RespiratorySystem呼吸系统respiratorytract呼吸道respiratoryorgan呼吸器官(1)Nose鼻(2)ParanasalSinus鼻旁窦frontalsinus额窦maxillarysinus上颌窦ethmoidalsinus筛窦sphenoidsinus蝶窦(3)Larynx喉thyroidcartilage甲状软骨cricoidcartilage环状软骨arytenoidcartilage杓状软骨epiglotticcartilage会厌软骨vocalfold声带cricothyroid环甲肌(4)TracheaandBronchi气管和支气管rightprincipalbronchus右主支气管leftprincipalbronchus左主支气管(5)Lung肺apexoflung肺尖baseoflung肺底hilumoflung肺门rootoflung肺根(6)Pleura胸膜parietalpleura壁胸膜viceralpleura脏胸膜pleuralcavity胸膜腔costodiaphragmaticrecess肋膈隐窝3.UrinarySystem泌尿系统8kidney肾renalhilum肾门renalpedi