2012届高考英语阅读理解专题讲练(学生版)

12012届高考英语二轮专题复习阅读理解题型专讲专练【细节理解题】做细节理解题时，大多数学生易出现的问题就是阅读速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速阅读技巧，考生要培养自己快速获取信息的能力。解答此类试题时，不必通篇细看原文，而应采取“带着问题找答案”的方法，先从问题中抓住关键性词语，然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。除了运用扫读法外，还可以兼用排除法，将“无此细节”和“与此细节相反”的选项排除。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就需要恰当地使用查阅的方法及技巧。查阅是在读者对材料有所熟悉的情况下进行的，它的特点是带着问题去寻求答案，它往往与略读综合使用。例如：TheWorldTradeOrganization(WTO),foundedonJanuary1,1995,aimstoencourageinternationaltradetoflowaspossible,makingsurethattradeagreementsarerespectedandthatanydisputescanbesettled.Inthefiveyearssinceitsfounding,theWTOhasbecomewellknownasoneoftheworld’smostpowerfuleconomicorganizations,takingitsplacealongsidetheWorldBankandInternationalMoneyFund.Thesystemofglobalrulesforinternationaltrade,however,datesbackhalfacenturyto1948whentheGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradewasformedafterWorldWarII.Astimewentby,isbecameclearthattheGATThadtwomajordrawbacks-thelimitedareasoftradeitcovered,andthelackofaneffectivesystemtosettledisputes.Aftersevenyearsoftradetalksendingin1994,theso-calledUruguayRoundfinallygivebirthtotheWTO,completewithaneffectivesystemtosettledisputesandnewrulescoveringtradeinservicesandintellectualproperty.Evenaftersevenyearsoftalksand22,500pagesofagreements,therewerestillproblems,especiallythedifficultytodealwithareasofagricultureandservices,whichthemembernationsagreedtorevisein2000,TheWTO,withitsheadofficeinGeneva,has135memberswith30morewaitingtojoin.45.FromthepassageweknowthattheGATTstoppedworking________.A.soonafterWorldWarIIendedB.alittlemorethan50yearsafterWorldWarIIC.justintheyear1994D.sevenyearsbeforetheUruguayRoundtalk46.ComparedwiththeGATT,theWTO_______.A.didn’tpayenoughattentiontoservicesandintellectualpropertyB.gotitsmemberstosigntheagreementsmoreeasilyC.hasgottomanyareasofinternationaltradetodealwithtoworkeffectivelyD.candobettertosettledisputesinmoreareasofinternationaltrade47.InthenewcenturytheWTOwill________.A.taketheplaceoftheWorldBankandInternationalMonetaryFundB.havemoremembersandsettlemoreproblemsC.makecompletenewrulesineveryareaofinternationaltradeD.havenewrulescoveringtradeinservicesandintellectualproperty【猜测词义题】〖第一招〗利用上下文语境线索Ifhethinkshecaninvitemeout,heisallwet.Idon’tliketobewithhim.A.drunkB.sweatingC.happyD.mistaken根据Idon’tliketobewithhim我们感受到说话人的语气。我不愿意跟他在一起，那么，他要邀请我出去是不可能的他就大错特错了。因此答案D。练习：（1）Adeafanddumpguywentintoahardwarestoretoaskforsomenails.（2）TheclimateofthewestcoastisthemostmoderateinCanada,summersarecoolandfairlydryandwintersaremild,cloudyandwet.Eveninmid-winter,thetemperatureisusuallyabovefreezing.（3）Allthehousesinthecitycollapsedduringtheearthquake.（4）Forpeoplewholivewithinastone’sthrowfromtheofficetobelatetoworkisunforgivable.（5）Theconflagrationwassofiercethatwithjustafewsecondonecouldseetoweringflameswherethehousehadstoodandthesmokewhichfilledtheskycouldbeseenformilesandmiles.(6).Charlotte’stalewasinspiredbythegirls’coincollection.“We’vecollectedforeigncoinsforyears-sinceourfamilieswentonholidaytoTenerife,”sheexplains.“ThatwasbeforetheEuro,soweputpesetasin.”Theunderlinedwore“pesetas”inParagraph2isakindof_______.A.storyB.collectionC.inspirationD.foreigncoin(7).In1963aschoolboycalledAndrewWilesreadinginhisschoollibrarycameacrosstheworld’sgreatestmathematical17thcentury,thetheoremhadbaffledandbeatenthefinestmathematicalminds,includingaFrenchwomanscientistwhomadeamajoradvanceinworkingouttheproblem,andwhohadtodresslikeamaninordertobeabletostudyattheEcolePolytechnique.Whichofthefollowingbestexplainsthemeaningoftheword“baffle”asitisusedinthetext?A.Toencouragepeopletoraisequestions.B.Tocausedifficultyinunderstanding.C.Toprovideapersonwithanexplanation.D.Tolimitpeople’simagination.(8).Todaywhenmanytendtoworrymoreabouttheirownhappiness,Houng’sdeedsremindusofwhatweusuallyneglect:loveandcareforothers.Withoutthese,noneofuscouldsurvive.Houngturneddowndonationsfromothers.Hesaidhefeltencouragedbykindoffers,buthecoulddependonhisownwork.42.Theunderlinedword“donation”inParagraph3probablymeans______.A.invitationtogiveaspeechB.something,especiallygiventohelpothersC.questionsaskedbyinterviewersD.chancestobeahero〖第二招〗利用定义和解释性线索1.直接定义：如：Inslangthetermjamconstitutesastateofbeinginwhichapersonfindshimselforherselfinadifficultsituation.根据上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。定义句的谓语动词多为：be,mean,dealwith,beconsidered,tobe,referto,becalled,beknownas,define,represent等。2.同位语：构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。需要注意的是：同位语前还常有or,similarly,thatistosay,inotherwords,namely,orother,say,2i．e.等副词或短语出现。3.定语从句：定语从句有时起着解释和说明的作用，据此我们可以推断出所修饰词的含义。如：Theherdsman,_wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.定语从句中looksaftersheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧羊人”。(2010年四川师大附中高三模拟题)Youshouldneverputacottonswaborotherobjectintotheearcanal.Butyoucanuseaswaborclothtocleantheouterpartoftheear.Theexpertsagreewiththeoldsayingthatyoushouldneverputanythingsmallerthanyourelbowinyourear.()Whatdoesa“swab”mostlyprobablymean?A.somethingsoft,smallandusedinclinicsB.somethinghard,longandusedathomeC.somethingthin,wetandlikeanelbowD.somethingsafe,bigandlikeatoy练习(1)Yet,shopkeepersmayhavetospendextrahourstodealwithproblems,suchasshoplifter,whoalwaystakeaw